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Luo, Jiaorong; Yang, Mingcheng; Wang, Ling – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
The increased Simon effect with increasing the ratio of congruent trials may be interpreted by both attention modulation and irrelevant stimulus-response (S-R) associations learning accounts, although the reversed Simon effect with increasing the ratio of incongruent trials provides evidence supporting the latter account. To investigate if…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Responses, Reaction Time, Accuracy
Luthra, Sahil; You, Heejo; Rueckl, Jay G.; Magnuson, James S. – Cognitive Science, 2020
Visual word recognition is facilitated by the presence of "orthographic neighbors" that mismatch the target word by a single letter substitution. However, researchers typically do not consider "where" neighbors mismatch the target. In light of evidence that some letter positions are more informative than others, we investigate…
Descriptors: Visual Stimuli, Word Recognition, Orthographic Symbols, Alphabets
Hedge, Craig; Powell, Georgina; Bompas, Aline; Sumner, Petroc – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
Response control or inhibition is one of the cornerstones of modern cognitive psychology, featuring prominently in theories of executive functioning and impulsive behavior. However, repeated failures to observe correlations between commonly applied tasks have led some theorists to question whether common response conflict processes even exist. A…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Cognitive Ability, Cognitive Processes, Meta Analysis
Suh, Jihyun; Bugg, Julie M. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2021
Existing approaches in the literature on cognitive control in conflict tasks almost exclusively target the outcome of control (by comparing mean congruency effects) and not the processes that shape control. These approaches are limited in addressing a current theoretical issue--what contribution does learning make to adjustments in cognitive…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Comparative Analysis, Conflict, Learning Processes
Annis, Jeffrey; Palmeri, Thomas J. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2019
The development of visual expertise is accompanied by enhanced visual object recognition memory within an expert domain. We aimed to understand the relationship between expertise and memory by modeling cognitive mechanisms. Participants with a measured range of birding expertise were recruited and tested on memory for birds (expert domain) and…
Descriptors: Long Term Memory, Short Term Memory, Visual Perception, Expertise
Fernández-López, María; Marcet, Ana; Perea, Manuel – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2019
In past decades, researchers have conducted a myriad of masked priming lexical decision experiments aimed at unveiling the early processes underlying lexical access. A relatively overlooked question is whether a masked unrelated wordlike/unwordlike prime influences the processing of the target stimuli. If participants apply to the primes the same…
Descriptors: Priming, Decision Making, Language Processing, Bayesian Statistics
Declerck, Mathieu; Koch, Iring; Philipp, Andrea M. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2015
The current study systematically examined the influence of sequential predictability of languages and concepts on language switching. To this end, 2 language switching paradigms were combined. To measure language switching with a random sequence of languages and/or concepts, we used a language switching paradigm that implements visual cues and…
Descriptors: Prediction, Code Switching (Language), Interference (Language), Models
Nosofsky, Robert M.; Cox, Gregory E.; Cao, Rui; Shiffrin, Richard M. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2014
Experiments were conducted to test a modern exemplar-familiarity model on its ability to account for both short-term and long-term probe recognition within the same memory-search paradigm. Also, making connections to the literature on attention and visual search, the model was used to interpret differences in probe-recognition performance across…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Long Term Memory, Recognition (Psychology), Cognitive Processes
Le Pelley, Mike E.; Vadillo, Miguel; Luque, David – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2013
Attentional theories of associative learning and categorization propose that learning about the predictiveness of a stimulus influences the amount of attention that is paid to that stimulus. Three experiments tested this idea by looking at the extent to which stimuli that had previously been experienced as predictive or nonpredictive in a…
Descriptors: Task Analysis, Classification, Cues, Prediction
Anton, Kathryn F.; Gould, Layla; Borowsky, Ron – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2014
Dual route models of reading suggest there are 2 pathways for reading words: an orthographic-lexical pathway, used to read familiar regular words and exception words, and a grapheme-to-phoneme-conversion-(GPC)-sublexical pathway, used to read unfamiliar regular words, pseudohomophones (PHs), and nonwords. It is unclear, however, whether PHs…
Descriptors: Intention, Semantics, Phonemes, Interference (Learning)
Seydell-Greenwald, Anna; Schmidt, Thomas – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2012
Whereas physiological studies indicate that illusory contours (ICs) are signaled in early visual areas at short latencies, behavioral studies are divided as to whether IC processing can proceed in a fast, automatic, bottom-up manner or whether it requires extensive top-down intracortical feedback or even awareness and cognition. Here, we employ a…
Descriptors: Visual Stimuli, Priming, Feedback (Response), Models
Mattler, Uwe; Palmer, Simon – Cognition, 2012
Unconscious visual stimuli can be processed by human observers and modulate their behavior. This has been shown for masked prime stimuli that influence motor responses to subsequent target stimuli. Beyond this, masked stimuli can also affect participants' behavior when they are free to choose one of two response alternatives. This finding…
Descriptors: Priming, Visual Stimuli, Reaction Time, Cognitive Processes
Teubert, Manuel; Lohaus, Arnold; Fassbender, Ina; Vierhaus, Marc; Spangler, Sibylle; Borchert, Sonja; Freitag, Claudia; Goertz, Claudia; Graf, Frauke; Gudi, Helene; Kolling, Thorsten; Lamm, Bettina; Keller, Heidi; Knopf, Monika; Schwarzer, Gudrun – International Journal of Behavioral Development, 2012
This longitudinal study examined the influence of stimulus material on attention and expectation learning in the visual expectation paradigm. Female faces were used as attention-attracting stimuli, and non-meaningful visual stimuli of comparable complexity (Greebles) were used as low attention-attracting stimuli. Expectation learning performance…
Descriptors: Expectation, Visual Stimuli, Infants, Models
Topolinski, Sascha; Deutsch, Roland – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2013
The present research demonstrates that very brief variations in affect, being around 1 s in length and changing from trial to trial independently from semantic relatedness of primes and targets, modulate the amount of semantic priming. Implementing consonant and dissonant chords (Experiments 1 and 5), naturalistic sounds (Experiment 2), and visual…
Descriptors: Linguistics, Semantics, Language Research, Priming
Ranger, Jochen; Kuhn, Jorg-Tobias – Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 2013
It is common practice to log-transform response times before analyzing them with standard factor analytical methods. However, sometimes the log-transformation is not capable of linearizing the relation between the response times and the latent traits. Therefore, a more general approach to response time analysis is proposed in the current…
Descriptors: Item Response Theory, Simulation, Reaction Time, Least Squares Statistics