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Suh, Jihyun; Bugg, Julie M. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2021
Existing approaches in the literature on cognitive control in conflict tasks almost exclusively target the outcome of control (by comparing mean congruency effects) and not the processes that shape control. These approaches are limited in addressing a current theoretical issue--what contribution does learning make to adjustments in cognitive…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Comparative Analysis, Conflict, Learning Processes
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Chen, Jinglu; Tan, Ling; Liu, Lu; Wang, Ling – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2021
It has been demonstrated that the Simon effect may be increased or reversed due to proportion congruency manipulation, suggesting that learned spatial irrelevant stimulus-response (S-R) associations are used to guide responses. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that learning spatial irrelevant S-R associations by rewards may show a similar…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Reaction Time, Prediction, Color
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Muhl-Richardson, Alex; Cornes, Katherine; Godwin, Hayward J.; Garner, Matthew; Hadwin, Julie A.; Liversedge, Simon P.; Donnelly, Nick – Applied Cognitive Psychology, 2018
Target onsets in dynamically changing displays can be predicted when contingencies exist between different stimulus states over time. In the present study, we examined predictive monitoring when participants searched dynamically changing displays of numbers and colored squares for a color target, a number target, or both. Stimuli were presented in…
Descriptors: Prediction, Visual Stimuli, Color, Spatial Ability
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Simmons, Fiona R.; Soto-Calvo, Elena; Adams, Anne-Marie; Francis, Hannah N.; Patel, Hannah; Giofrè, David – Early Education and Development, 2023
Research Findings: The study investigated whether preschool code-related home literacy experiences had direct associations with regular and irregular word reading in the first year of primary school as well as exploring whether there were indirect associations between these experiences and later word reading via children's language skills or…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Family Literacy, Family Environment, Phoneme Grapheme Correspondence
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Cioffi, Camille C.; Griffin, Amanda M.; Natsuaki, Misaki N.; Shaw, Daniel S.; Reiss, David; Ganiban, Jody M.; Neiderhiser, Jenae M.; Leve, Leslie D. – Developmental Psychology, 2021
Understanding the role of negative emotionality in the development of executive functioning (EF) and language skills can help identify developmental windows that may provide promising opportunities for intervention. In addition, because EF and language skills are, in part, genetically influenced, intergenerational transmission patterns are…
Descriptors: Adoption, Child Development, Executive Function, Language Skills
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Georgiou, George K.; Das, J. P. – Journal of Research in Reading, 2018
The purpose of this study was to examine what components of executive function (EF)--inhibition, shifting and updating/working memory--predict reading comprehension in young adults. Ninety university students (65 females, 25 males; mean age = 21.82 years) were assessed on shifting (Planned Connections and Colour/Shape Shifting), inhibition…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Reading Comprehension, Reading Fluency, Verbal Ability
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Holt, Anna E.; Deák, Gedeon – Journal of Cognition and Development, 2015
In simple rule-switching tests, 3- and 4-year-olds can follow each of two sorting rules but sometimes make perseverative errors when switching. Older children make few errors but respond slowly when switching. These age-related changes might reflect the maturation of executive functions (e.g., inhibition). However, they might also reflect…
Descriptors: Cues, Task Analysis, Executive Function, Control Groups
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Meier, Matt E.; Kane, Michael J. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2013
Two experiments examined the relations among working memory capacity (WMC), congruency-sequence effects, proportion-congruency effects, and the color-word Stroop effect to test whether congruency-sequence effects might inform theoretical claims regarding WMC's prediction of Stroop interference. In Experiment 1, subjects completed either a…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Interference (Learning), Color, Task Analysis
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Abrahamse, Elger L.; Duthoo, Wout; Notebaert, Wim; Risko, Evan F. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2013
Proportion congruency effects represent hallmark phenomena in current theorizing about cognitive control. This is based on the notion that proportion congruency determines the relative levels of attention to relevant and irrelevant information in conflict tasks. However, little empirical evidence exists that uniquely supports such an attention…
Descriptors: Attention, Experimental Psychology, Influences, Prediction
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Creel, Sarah C. – Child Development, 2012
A crucial part of language development is learning how various social and contextual language-external factors constrain an utterance's meaning. This learning process is poorly understood. Five experiments addressed one hundred thirty-one 3- to 5-year-old children's use of one such socially relevant information source: talker characteristics.…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Information Sources, Language Acquisition, Reading Comprehension
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Geyer, Thomas; Shi, Zhuanghua; Muller, Hermann J. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2010
Three experiments examined memory-based guidance of visual search using a modified version of the contextual-cueing paradigm (Jiang & Chun, 2001). The target, if present, was a conjunction of color and orientation, with target (and distractor) features randomly varying across trials (multiconjunction search). Under these conditions, reaction times…
Descriptors: Visual Perception, Cues, Color, Memory
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Goujon, Annabelle; Didierjean, Andre; Marmeche, Evelyne – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2009
Since M. M. Chun and Y. Jiang's (1998) original study, a large body of research based on the contextual cuing paradigm has shown that the visuocognitive system is capable of capturing certain regularities in the environment in an implicit way. The present study investigated whether regularities based on the semantic category membership of the…
Descriptors: Models, Semantics, Prompting, Attention