This study investigated the effectiveness of applying a smartphone to reduce the hyperactive/impulsive behaviors of 3 students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in class. A smartphone that can simultaneously provide vibration and visual text prompts was adopted in this study to remind the participants when they exhibited…

Issues with joint attention, especially avoiding eye contact with others, are considered one of the core defects found in the early stages of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study is the first to use pupil reflection technology, which can be used to present an image of the participants within the virtual character's eyes on the…