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Ritchey, Gary H. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 1982
Specific comparisons for a categorized set of items indicated that recall of detailed drawings and outlines was superior to recall of words. For an uncategorized set, outlines were recalled significantly better than pictures and both were recalled better than words. (Author/PN)
Descriptors: Adults, Age Differences, Associative Learning, Elementary Education

Dukette, Dianne; Stiles, Joan – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1996
Examines the development of young children's analysis of spatial patterns--specifically, hierarchical letter and geometric forms. Suggests that although children as young as four years of age demonstrated substantial analytic competence, their ability to integrate the parts of the spatial array to form a coherent whole was weaker and more easily…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Cognitive Ability, Cognitive Development, Developmental Stages