The appendices accompany the full report "Using Bayesian Meta-Analysis to Explore the Components of Early Literacy Interventions. WWC 2023-008," (ED630495), which pilots a new taxonomy developed by early literacy experts and intervention developers as part of a larger effort to develop standard nomenclature for the components of literacy…

With increasingly diverse students, schools and districts are under pressure to meet rigorous standards and raise student achievement in reading and literacy. Most teachers respond by differentiating their instruction to some extent, but not all scholars and educators agree on whether differentiated instruction works. This systematic review and…

This reader-friendly text examines the key foundational studies in early literacy. It addresses such essential questions as how research informs current practices and where the field still needs to go to provide the best learning opportunities for all children. Each chapter describes the methods and findings of one to five seminal studies,…

This paper aims at investigating the effect of Arabization of Romanic Alphabets on the development of 9th Grade English as a Foreign Language students' composition writing skills at secondary school level. This experimental study includes 25 secondary school students in their 9th Grade in which English is taught as a foreign language at…

"Leveled Literacy Intervention" ("LLI") is a short-term, supplementary, small-group literacy intervention designed to help struggling readers achieve grade-level competency. The intervention provides explicit instruction in phonological awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, reading comprehension, oral language skills, and…

Parental writing support was examined over time and in relation to children's language and literacy skills. Seventy-seven parents and their preschoolers were videotaped writing an invitation together twice during one year. Parental writing support was coded at the level of the letter to document parents' graphophonemic support…

Preventing reading difficulties in the early grades has been a topic of interest for more than a decade. Research has clearly delineated the components needed for early literacy programs to be effective in teaching nearly all children to learn to read. Teacher educators have a responsibility to ensure that candidates gain extensive knowledge about…

TWO FIRST GRADE CLASSES, ONE USING THE INITIAL TEACHING ALPHABET (ITA) AND ONE USING TRADITIONAL ORTHOGRAPHY (TO), WERE RANDOMLY SELECTED FROM A SCHOOL IN EACH OF 4 SCHOOL DISTRICTS. THE TOTAL SAMPLE CONSISTED OF 100 CHILDREN IN ITA CLASSES AND 100 CHILDREN IN TO CLASSES. THE CLASSES WERE GROUPED HETEROGENEOUSLY. THE PINTNER- CUNNINGHAM PRIMARY…

The Oakland County, Michigan, first-grade study of the effectiveness of three approaches to beginning reading was extended to the second and third grades to investigate differences in their effects on reading and related language development. Each of 11 research teams chose three classrooms which used either the Initial Teaching Alphabet approach…

Two independent pilot studies in Britain investigated the effect of the Initial Teaching Alphabet (i.t.a.) on the creative expression and verbal skills in written composition of young children. The Staffordshire study compared a normal week's free compositions written by 54 children using the traditional alphabet with the compositions of a similar…

This volume of an advanced Russian course designed by the Defense Language Institute seeks to develop a more comprehensive knowledge of the structural features of Russian and an enlarged vocabulary. The learning accomplished orally in class is reinforced in written exercises at home. Instructional materials concentrate on morphology, syntax, and…

Each of the four lessons in this volume of basic Russian curriculum materials developed by the Defense Language Institute is arranged in six sections. They include: (1) structural features; (2) basic text--reading and narration; (3) grammar--homework; (4) structural drills--translations; (5) conversation--questions, answers, and interpreting; and…

This volume is one of a series in an intensive audiolingual course in Russian designed for Air Force students. The course, consisting of 133 lessons in 26 volumes and taught in 37 weeks, seeks to train native English language speakers to a level 3 proficiency in comprehension and a level 2 proficiency in speaking, reading, and writing. Tapes are…

This volume is one of a series in an intensive audiolingual course in Russian designed for Air Force students. The course, consisting of 133 lessons in 26 volumes and taught in 37 weeks, seeks to train native English language speakers to a level 3 proficiency in comprehension and a level 2 proficiency in speaking, reading, and writing. Tapes are…

Each of the four units in this volume of basic Russian curriculum materials developed by the Defense Language Institute is arranged in seven sections. They include: (1) structural features, (2) basic text-reading and narration, (3) grammar-homework, (4) oral exercises, (5) reading and translation, (6) conversation-pronunciation exercises, oral…