Since the passage of the National Apprenticeship Act in 1937 apprenticeship has remained a totally voluntary program, the costs of which are covered by the program sponsor (either an employer, a joint labor-employer sponsor, or a government agency). As of 1988, there were about 325,000 apprentices in training and another 55,000 in the armed…

This comment on "Transition Issues for the 1990s" (Knowlton and Clark, 1987) argues that transition program professionals should focus on providing services rather than the labeling of handicapped persons and that transition program objectives should focus on employment, rather than such outcomes as independent living and social networking. (JDD)

In response to a comment on the authors' earlier work, this article makes two points: (1) current transition literature is too narrowly focused to appeal to diverse audiences that have histories of categorical specialization, and (2) transition outcome goals should encompass the community and home as well as employment settings. (JDD)

This report contains a proposed framework for the subject matter of vocational education that is presented in two sections. Section 1 describes concepts central to the idea and ideal of vocational education. The analysis and interpretation of each concept are summarized as a set of propositions concerning the meaning of vocational education. These…

This planning paper reviews the topics that are pertinent to a conference action group on mathematics in adult, technical, and vocational (including distance) education. The first section of the paper provides an overview of the need for and current practices for providing mathematics instruction in vocational-technical, adult, and distance…

It is the position of the Texas Council on Vocational Education that students at high risk of dropping out of school need an instructional approach that is comprehensive, individualized, and caring. Vocational education provides an important learning alternative that can serve as a powerful component of dropout prevention and recovery programs. In…

Vocational education for tomorrow must be an educational delivery system rather than a subject-matter content area. It must blend and interrelate the various areas to provide core competencies, employment skills, and employability skills in a truly integrated and comprehensive educational program. Academic and vocational education must not be…

In 1984 the Commission of the European Communities (EEC) disbursed some $1.437 billion in support of a range of retraining, relocation, and job creation measures intended to help youth. The EEC's policy toward vocationalization was first defined in 1963. In the 1970s the commission began to reassess its reason for existence, which led it to…

Every high school student should not only be provided with appropriate academic instruction but with supervised work experience as well. For the past 70 years, the number of students in cooperative education programs has grown steadily. Despite these steady gains, the best estimates place no more than 10 percent of all vocational education…

Since its beginning in 1965, the Job Corps has enrolled more than a million impoverished and undereducated 16- to 21-year-olds in an intensive program of re-education and job skills training. The Job Corps' basic education program uses the systems approach to instruction in reading, mathematics, and high school equivalency subjects; and…

Guidance and vocational education personnel have continued to play key roles in responding to individual and societal needs that have arisen as a result of the occupational, social, and economic changes occurring over the last 80 years. Guidance programs serve as the link between providing occupational training and employment readiness for the…

The Mayor of Columbus, Tom Moody, spoke on his views of CETA, unemployment, and vocational education. In his opinion, all required and most optional education should be vocational education; that is, it should equip people to be able to support themselves, to earn a living, and to be productive in our society. He pointed out several…

The Missouri state plan for vocational education for 1989-1990 calls for increasing the rate and quality of the participation of targeted populations (handicapped, disadvantaged, adults, single parents/homemakers, persons seeking job training in occupations that are nontraditional for their gender, and incarcerated persons) at appropriate…

Intended to influence school districts that have the opportunity to build new schools, this document provides new designs for comprehensive high schools that would overcome the mismatch between school and life, the inequity of educational outcomes, and the lack of organizational effectiveness that plague many contemporary high schools. The designs…

The present form of vocational education in the Federal Republic of Germany with its origins in trades and crafts of the Middle Ages has existed since the 1920s. Only in 1969, however, did comprehensive legislation declare company vocational training within the sphere of state responsibility, give unions participation rights in determining…