Since the passage of the National Apprenticeship Act in 1937 apprenticeship has remained a totally voluntary program, the costs of which are covered by the program sponsor (either an employer, a joint labor-employer sponsor, or a government agency). As of 1988, there were about 325,000 apprentices in training and another 55,000 in the armed…

Half of this paper is the text of a lecture, based on the author's involvement in a study by the Committee on Vocational Education Research and Development (R & D). Focus is on the summary of the study's recommendations in three areas: (1) Administration of vocational education R & D, (2) the content of vocational education R & D, and (3) the…

This report summarizes and evaluates seven seminars conducted for the Vocational Education Project in China during 1992. For each of the seven seminars, a report prepared by the specialists conducting the seminar is provided. These reports summarize the content of the seminar, note any problems encountered in conducting them, and suggest ways in…

A study was conducted to (1) identify basic components included in Texas vocational agriculture summer programs, (2) determine teacher, administrator, state staff, and teacher educator perceptions of the relative importance of groups of activities included in the summer program, and (3) recommend guidelines for basic summer program operation.…

The Bridgeport (Conn.) Career Education program has three basic functions: (1) preparation for career choice through the study of self-appraisal or self-realization and occupational information, (2) career preparation through basic education skills, employability skills, actual skill attainment and related skills, and (3) placement and follow-up.…

This is a summary report of a study that examined the practice and effects of vocational education in 14 classrooms in 8 Minnesota public schools. Data were collected from classroom observations; interviews with students, teachers, administrators, and counselors; and written survey instruments assessing student career development, vocational…

Since India gained its independence in 1947, three important commissions have examined the issue of educational reform. The first (in 1948) recommended a vocational emphasis in the intermediate (predegree) courses without sacrificing emphasis on preparation for university education. In 1954, the Secondary Education Commission resulted in the…

A study examined the practice and effects of vocational education in 14 classrooms in 8 Minnesota public schools. Data were collected from classroom observations; interviews with students, teachers, administrators, and counselors; and written survey instruments assessing student career development, vocational maturity, and demography. Vocational…

This report describes the summer occupational/vocational programs held in each of three vocational school districts and it compiles activities in the regular school districts in Delaware for fiscal year 1991. The three vocational-technical school district programs profiled are those of Kent County, Sussex County, and New Castle County. For each…

Two major areas of concern to vocational education are cost benefit and job and task analysis. In recent years vocational education has broadened its outlook in terms of general human development, but the historical context of vocational education and concerns for accountability require evaluation of vocational education programs to consider cost…

Vocational training in Spain suffers from a fundamental initial disadvantage, namely the subsidiary position that it occupies in the general structure of the country's educational system. The situation has been aggravated by the sector's relative neglect by the government, which has been forced to concentrate its efforts on secondary and…

Every high school student should not only be provided with appropriate academic instruction but with supervised work experience as well. For the past 70 years, the number of students in cooperative education programs has grown steadily. Despite these steady gains, the best estimates place no more than 10 percent of all vocational education…

This compilation of reports from the states, the District of Columbia, and the outlying areas describes the 1967 fiscal year of operation under the Vocational Education Act of 1963. The states report that with increased federal, state, and local funding they have expanded programs, constructed new facilities and additions to existing facilities,…

Drawing upon a database of state-administered vocational education program improvement projects, a study examined state-administered programs to improve vocational education that were implemented from fiscal 1978 through fiscal 1982. After analyzing abstracts of 3,994 research, exemplary and innovative, and curriculum development activities,…

Guidance and vocational education personnel have continued to play key roles in responding to individual and societal needs that have arisen as a result of the occupational, social, and economic changes occurring over the last 80 years. Guidance programs serve as the link between providing occupational training and employment readiness for the…