The beginnings of vocational education are more readily seen during the period 1876-1926. They are characterized by the rise of manual training, trade schools, home economics movements, and agricultural education. The Smith-Hughes Act was passed in response to the demands of the National Society for the Promotion of Industrial Education. (EC)

Vocational education in 1826-1876 saw the rise of independent movements--the manual labor movement and mechanics' institutes. The contributions of several leading scholars to the development of teacher and vocational education are discussed. Other achievements are manifested in the First Morrill Act, the Hampton Institute, and the Kalamazoo Case.…