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Peer reviewedSimmons, Roberta G.; And Others – Social Problems, 1978
Findings indicate that (1) Black children have higher self-esteem than Whites; (2) girls of both races have lower self-esteem than boys; (3) Black children from broken homes have lower self-esteem in desegregated schools; and (4) Black children in segregated schools receive higher marks, but do not do as well on national tests as do their…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Blacks, Elementary Education, Family Problems
Peer reviewedSnetzler, Suzi; Qualls, Audrey L. – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 2000
Examined the incidence of differential item functioning (DIF) on 3 subtests of the Iowa Tests of Basic Skills using test scores for 2,867 Alaskan students, characterized as "Native" or White at fourth and sixth grades or sixth and eighth grades. Effect size differences favoring whites were larger when students of equal English…
Descriptors: Achievement Tests, Alaska Natives, Item Bias, Limited English Speaking
