We conducted a content analysis of counseling scholarship related to Whiteness for articles published in national peer-reviewed counseling journals within the 35-year time frame (1984-2019) following the publication of Janet Helms's seminal work on White racial identity. We identified articles within eight counseling journals for a final sample of…

The current study reports outcomes of a professional development model intended to strengthen faculty members' cultural competence and skills for teaching about diversity and inclusion. Creating Inclusive Communities (CIC) was developed collaboratively by faculty from across social science disciplines based on a theoretical framework emphasizing…

With the increased focus on multicultural education in colleges and universities, there is a need for educators to have a profound knowledge of White racial identity development to better understand White students' resistance to multicultural topics and to facilitate their racial identity development. An integration of Helms's White racial…

Understanding allyhood as a developmental process will allow educators and program directors to reach a broader number of students with more powerful outcomes in line with student learning and development goals. Designing programs that promote ally development as a component of social justice education will allow programs to tailor ally…

This article reviews findings from a related study of 15 White racial justice allies, which highlighted the importance of re-articulating a sense of Whiteness. The author explores how the rearticulated sense of Whiteness demonstrated by these students may assist others to mitigate some of the defense mechanism discussed in the Watt (2007)…

Challenges existing models of white racial identity and proposes alternative conceptualization, based on construct of white racial consciousness, as more parsimonious explanation for role of racially oriented attitudes. Proposes three types of unachieved white racial consciousness (avoidant, dependent, and dissonant) and four types of achieved…

Presents the Key model, a model of White male identity development. The theoretical underpinnings of J. Helms's (1990) White Racial Identity Development Model, other relevant identity models, as well as information on male gender role socialization are presented in relation to their influence on the Key model's development. (Contains 44 references…

Integrates work of cross-cultural counselor training development theorists, racial-identity development specialists, and cross-cultural counseling competency experts in formation of comprehensive multicultural training model for majority-group counselors. Reviews and integrates extant stage models of white racial consciousness, describes how…

As a result of recent psychometric analyses, the conceptual model of White racial consciousness has been revised. A summary of the new conceptualization is presented along with a brief description of the Oklahoma Racial Attitudes Scale, which will replace the Oklahoma Racial Attitudes-Preliminary Form. (Contains 11 references.) (Author)

Predominantly White institutions have not been as effective as historically Black institutions in retaining and conferring degrees upon African American college students. This review seeks to embed the psychological aspects of the retention process proposed by Bean and Eaton ["A psychological model of college student retention." In J. M. Braxton…

Although the U.S. population is becoming increasingly diverse, the race of individuals entering the counseling profession remains predominantly White (S. P. Pack-Brown, 1999). The authors define and explore the connection between White privilege and oppression and encourage the use of racial identity models to address these constructs with…

Contends it is essential for White counselor trainees to explore their White identity and how racism is demonstrated in their personal and professional lives. Proposes a stage model as a diagnostic tool for assessing where one is in White identity development and where one has yet to go in combating racist behavior. (ABL)

Discusses stage model describing racial identity and consciousness development process among majority (i.e., Euro-Anglo White) counselor trainees esconced in a multicultural learning environment. Proposes four-stage developmental model wherein trainees come to acknowledge and accept their own racial identity and that of minorities. (BH)

To dispel confusion, White racial identity and White racial consciousness are described and contrasted in terms of theoretical conceptualization and measures used. It is recommended that priority be given to the validation of existing or new measurement instruments to provide a sound basis for future findings. (Author)

Presents a study of two inner-city high schools, one with an African-American lower-to-middle-class population and the other with a more ethnically and racially diverse population. Racial/ethnic identity as a means of resistance or accommodation to white hegemony is explored using the framework of L. Grossberg (1993, 1996). (SLD)