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Direct linkJung, Jookyoung; Lee, Minjin – Language Awareness, 2023
This study explored second language (L2) reading and recall processes under different reading purposes, as reflected in their eye-movements during reading, keystrokes produced from summary writing, and stimulated recall comments. Seventy-two Korean undergraduate students read an English essay for different purposes, i.e., reading to extract the…
Descriptors: Recall (Psychology), Eye Movements, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
Download full textAlshaar, Awatif Abu; AbuSeileek, Ali Farhan – JALT CALL Journal, 2013
This study aims to investigate the effect of using concordances and word processors on EFL graduates' performance in academic writing. To achieve this aim, the subjects were asked to use linguistics corpora and word processors to correct their grammatical and spelling mistakes in their written papers in a course that lasted for sixteen weeks. The…
Descriptors: Computational Linguistics, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Semi Structured Interviews
Manalo, Jonathan R.; Wolfe, Edward W. – 2000
Recently, the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) changed by including a writing section that gives the examinee an option between computer and handwritten formats to compose their responses. Unfortunately, this may introduce several potential sources of error that might reduce the reliability and validity of the scores. The seriousness…
Descriptors: Computer Assisted Testing, Essay Tests, Evaluators, Handwriting
Manalo, Jonathan R.; Wolfe, Edward W. – 2000
Recently, the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) changed by including a direct writing assessment where examinees choose between computer and handwritten composition formats. Unfortunately, examinees may have differential access to and comfort with computers; as a result, scores across these formats may not be comparable. Analysis of…
Descriptors: Adults, Computer Assisted Testing, Essay Tests, Handwriting
Breland, Hunter; Lee, Yong-Won; Muraki, Eiji – ETS Research Report Series, 2004
Eighty-three Test of English as a Foreign Language™ (TOEFL®) CBT writing prompts that were administered between July 1998 and August 2000 were examined in order to identify differences in scores that could be attributed to the response mode chosen by examinees (handwritten or word processed). Differences were examined statistically using…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Language Tests, Second Language Learning, Cues
Wolfe, Edward W.; Manalo, Jonathan R. – ETS Research Report Series, 2005
This study examined scores from 133,906 operationally scored Test of English as a Foreign Language™ (TOEFL®) essays to determine whether the choice of composition medium has any impact on score quality for subgroups of test-takers. Results of analyses demonstrate that (a) scores assigned to word-processed essays are slightly more reliable than…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Language Tests, Second Language Learning, Scores
