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Ylinen, Sari; Bosseler, Alexis; Junttila, Katja; Huotilainen, Minna – Developmental Science, 2017
The ability to predict future events in the environment and learn from them is a fundamental component of adaptive behavior across species. Here we propose that inferring predictions facilitates speech processing and word learning in the early stages of language development. Twelve- and 24-month olds' electrophysiological brain responses to heard…
Descriptors: Word Recognition, Language Acquisition, Prediction, Coding
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Swingley, Daniel – Developmental Psychology, 2016
When children hear a novel word in a context presenting a novel object and a familiar one, they usually assume that the novel word refers to the novel object. In a series of experiments, we tested whether this behavior would be found when 2-year-olds interpreted novel words that differed phonologically from familiar words in only 1 sound, either a…
Descriptors: Toddlers, Vocabulary Development, Phonology, Novelty (Stimulus Dimension)
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Sanders, Elizabeth A.; Berninger, Virginia W.; Abbott, Robert D. – Journal of Learning Disabilities, 2018
Sequential regression was used to evaluate whether language-related working memory components uniquely predict reading and writing achievement beyond cognitive-linguistic translation for students in Grades 4 through 9 (N = 103) with specific learning disabilities (SLDs) in subword handwriting (dysgraphia, n = 25), word reading and spelling…
Descriptors: Regression (Statistics), Short Term Memory, Predictor Variables, Reading Achievement
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Skoruppa, Katrin; Mani, Nivedita; Peperkamp, Sharon – Child Development, 2013
Using a picture pointing task, this study examines toddlers' processing of phonological alternations that trigger sound changes in connected speech. Three experiments investigate whether 2;5- to 3-year-old children take into account assimilations--processes by which phonological features of one sound spread to adjacent sounds--for the purpose of…
Descriptors: Task Analysis, Toddlers, Language Processing, Phonology
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Yoshida, Katherine; Rhemtulla, Mijke; Vouloumanos, Athena – Cognitive Science, 2012
The roles of linguistic, cognitive, and social-pragmatic processes in word learning are well established. If statistical mechanisms also contribute to word learning, they must interact with these processes; however, there exists little evidence for such mechanistic synergy. Adults use co-occurrence statistics to encode speech-object pairings with…
Descriptors: Evidence, Infants, Reading Difficulties, Cognitive Processes
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Norris, Dennis; Kinoshita, Sachiko; van Casteren, Maarten – Journal of Memory and Language, 2010
Early on during word recognition, letter positions are not accurately coded. Evidence for this comes from transposed-letter (TL) priming effects, in which letter strings generated by transposing two adjacent letters (e.g., "jugde") produce large priming effects, more than primes with the letters replaced in the corresponding position (e.g.,…
Descriptors: Word Recognition, Language Processing, Sampling, Coding
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Lupker, Stephen J.; Davis, Colin J. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2009
An orthographically similar masked nonword prime facilitates responding in a lexical decision task (Forster & Davis, 1984). Recently, this masked priming paradigm has been used to evaluate models of orthographic coding--models that attempt to quantify prime-target similarity. One general finding is that priming effects often do not occur when…
Descriptors: Inhibition, Language Processing, Models, Priming
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Sibley, Daragh E.; Kello, Christopher T.; Plaut, David C.; Elman, Jeffrey L. – Cognitive Science, 2008
The forms of words as they appear in text and speech are central to theories and models of lexical processing. Nonetheless, current methods for simulating their learning and representation fail to approach the scale and heterogeneity of real wordform lexicons. A connectionist architecture termed the "sequence encoder" is used to learn…
Descriptors: Phonemes, Measures (Individuals), Language Processing, Word Recognition
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Hino, Yasushi; Pexman, Penny M.; Lupker, Stephen J. – Journal of Memory and Language, 2006
According to parallel distributed processing (PDP) models of visual word recognition, the speed of semantic coding is modulated by the nature of the orthographic-to-semantic mappings. Consistent with this idea, an ambiguity disadvantage and a relatedness-of-meaning (ROM) advantage have been reported in some word recognition tasks in which semantic…
Descriptors: Semantics, Language Processing, Word Recognition, Classification
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Whitney, C. – Brain and Language, 2004
Consistent with converging experimental evidence, we assume that foveal information is initially split across the two cerebral hemispheres. We have previously presented the SERIOL model of letter-position coding, which specifies how the resulting two halves of a letter string are integrated into an abstract representation of letter order. This…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Word Recognition, Language Processing, Coding
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Davis, Colin J.; Bowers, Jeffrey S. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2006
Five theories of how letter position is coded are contrasted: position-specific slot-coding, Wickelcoding, open-bigram coding (discrete and continuous), and spatial coding. These theories make different predictions regarding the relative similarity of three different types of pairs of letter strings: substitution neighbors,…
Descriptors: Coding, Theories, Orthographic Symbols, Prediction
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Barcroft, Joe – Second Language Research, 2006
This study examined effects of word writing on second language vocabulary learning. In two experiments, English-speaking learners of Spanish attempted to learn 24 Spanish nouns while viewing word-picture pairs. The participants copied 12 target words and wrote nothing for the other 12 target words being studied. Productive vocabulary learning on…
Descriptors: Nouns, Vocabulary Development, Second Language Learning, Word Recognition
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Perea, Manuel; Lupker, Stephen J. – Journal of Memory and Language, 2004
Nonwords created by transposing two "adjacent" letters (i.e., transposed-letter (TL) nonwords like "jugde") are very effective at activating the lexical representation of their base words. This fact poses problems for most computational models of word recognition (e.g., the interactive-activation model and its extensions), which assume that exact…
Descriptors: Alphabets, Word Recognition, Models, Lexicology
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Weismer, Susan Ellis; Plante, Elena; Jones, Maura; Tomblin, Bruce J. – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2005
This study used neuroimaging and behavioral techniques to examine the claim that processing capacity limitations underlie specific language impairment (SLI). Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to investigate verbal working memory in adolescents with SLI and normal language (NL) controls. The experimental task involved a modified…
Descriptors: Verbal Ability, Word Recognition, Memory, Language Processing