Fluency is an important aspect of mathematics learning and plays a major role in developing proficiency as students are required to use skills and apply knowledge. This paper draws upon findings from a large project that aimed to explore primary students' mathematical fluency. Data from 160 primary students (K-6) from a NSW Departmental school were analysed as part of a process to test the efficacy of a Fluency Framework. Results showed that students displayed the proposed characteristics suggested in the framework and that similar characteristics were observed across all grades. These results indicate that the framework, once refined, will be an effective tool for teachers to use in identifying students' fluency.