This review contains an overview of past and present trends in the application of what is called "artificial intelligence" in traditional face-to-face education and in distance education. The reviewed trends are illustrated with examples of research projects and results throughout the world. The first section of the review discusses intelligence…

This paper describes the development of an interoperable meta-database system--a system of applications using metadata--that is intended to facilitate learner-centered collaboration, access to learning resources, and the fitness of channels of information to the emerging needs of learners at both individual and group levels. Highlights include:…

This paper describes preliminary work on "Multiple Intelligent Mentors Instructing Collaboratively" (MIMIC), an intelligent Web-based agent environment for learning instructional design. The focus is on developing theoretical foundations of instructional design and instructional theory that form the foundation for systems development. In the…