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Download full textRupp, André A.; Casabianca, Jodi M.; Krüger, Maleika; Keller, Stefan; Köller, Olaf – ETS Research Report Series, 2019
In this research report, we describe the design and empirical findings for a large-scale study of essay writing ability with approximately 2,500 high school students in Germany and Switzerland on the basis of 2 tasks with 2 associated prompts, each from a standardized writing assessment whose scoring involved both human and automated components.…
Descriptors: Automation, Foreign Countries, English (Second Language), Language Tests
Direct linkAhmadi Shirazi, Masoumeh – SAGE Open, 2019
Threats to construct validity should be reduced to a minimum. If true, sources of bias, namely raters, items, tests as well as gender, age, race, language background, culture, and socio-economic status need to be spotted and removed. This study investigates raters' experience, language background, and the choice of essay prompt as potential…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Language Tests, Test Bias, Essay Tests
Peer reviewedErdosy, M. Usman – International Journal of English Studies, 2001
Describes how some background factors influenced the way in which one experienced rater dealt with a number of operations involved in setting up and applying scoring criteria in the assessment of 60 Test of English as a Foreign Language essays. Implications are drawn for both future research into interrater variability and for rater training.…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Evaluation Criteria, Interrater Reliability, Language Research
Carlson, Sybil B.; Camp, Roberta – 1985
This paper reports on Educational Testing Service research studies investigating the parameters critical to reliability and validity in both the direct and indirect writing ability assessment of higher education applicants. The studies involved: (1) formulating an operational definition of writing competence; (2) designing and pretesting writing…
Descriptors: College Entrance Examinations, Computer Assisted Testing, English (Second Language), Essay Tests
Strong, Gregory – Thought Currents in English Literature, 1995
This paper traces developments in educational psychology and measurement that led to the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) and the test of English for International Communication (TOEIC) and the application of educational measurement terms such as validity and reliability to testing. Use of a table of specifications for planning…
Descriptors: Cloze Procedure, Difficulty Level, English (Second Language), Foreign Countries
Carlson, Sybil B.; And Others – 1985
Four writing samples were obtained from 638 foreign college applicants who represented three major foreign language groups (Arabic, Chinese, and Spanish), and from 60 native English speakers. All four were scored holistically, two were also scored for sentence-level and discourse-level skills, and some were scored by the Writer's Workbench…
Descriptors: Arabic, Chinese, College Entrance Examinations, Computer Software
