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Direct linkLimpo, Teresa; Alves, Rui A. – Written Communication, 2017
It is established that transcription skills (handwriting and spelling) constrain children's writing. Yet, little is known about the mechanism underlying this relationship. This study examined the mediating role of bursts and pauses on the link between transcription skills and writing fluency or text quality. For that, 174 second graders did the…
Descriptors: Written Language, Handwriting, Spelling, Writing Skills
Download full textWhat Works Clearinghouse, 2014
The study examined the effects of "Process Assessment of the Learner" ("PAL"), a writing expression curriculum. The program was tested with second-grade students in a suburban-rural school district in the southeastern United States. Three sections of PAL lessons were implemented in the district as a small-group curriculum…
Descriptors: Intervention, At Risk Students, Elementary School Students, Grade 2
Hooper, Stephen R.; Costa, Lara-Jeane C.; McBee, Matthew; Anderson, Kathleen L.; Yerby, Donna Carlson; Childress, Amy; Knuth, Sean B. – Grantee Submission, 2013
In a randomized controlled trial, 205 students were followed from grades 1 to 3 with a focus on changes in their writing trajectories following an evidence-based intervention during the spring of second grade. Students were identified as being at-risk (n=138), and then randomized into treatment (n=68) versus business-as-usual conditions (n=70). A…
Descriptors: Writing Skills, Written Language, Writing Instruction, Special Needs Students
Hooper, Stephen R.; Costa, Lara-Jeane C.; McBee, Matthew; Anderson, Kathleen L.; Yerby, Donna Carlson; Childress, Amy; Knuth, Sean B. – Annals of Dyslexia, 2013
In a randomized controlled trial, 205 students were followed from grades 1 to 3 with a focus on changes in their writing trajectories following an evidence-based intervention during the spring of second grade. Students were identified as being at-risk (n = 138), and then randomized into treatment (n = 68) versus business-as-usual conditions (n =…
Descriptors: Writing Skills, Written Language, Writing Instruction, Special Needs Students
Berninger, Virginia W.; Nagy, William; Beers, Scott – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2011
Children in grades one to four completed two sentence construction tasks: (a) Write one complete sentence about a topic prompt (sentence integrity, Study 1); and (b) Integrate two sentences into one complete sentence without changing meaning (sentence combining, Study 2). Most, but not all, children in first through fourth grade could write just…
Descriptors: Transformational Generative Grammar, Sentences, Writing (Composition), Spelling
Armbruster, Bonnie B.; Lehr, Fran; Osborn, Jean – National Institute for Literacy, 2006
The road to becoming a reader begins the day a child is born and continues through the end of third grade. At that point, a child must read with ease and understanding to take advantage of the learning opportunities in fourth grade and beyond--in school and in life. Learning to read and write starts at home, long before children go to school. Very…
Descriptors: Literacy Education, Written Language, Oral Language, Caregivers
