Describes program alternatives in science for students with learning disabilities and their implications for reading and writing. Reviews opportunity to learn, the science performance of students with learning disabilities, science textbook instruction, literacy and science, and alternatives to read-dependent science programs. Presents an…

Describes how most reading and writing assignments do not require the demonstration of sophisticated cognitive, social, or self-regulation skills. Describes an intervention study addressing this issue, in which students read and wrote complex prose, offered feedback to classmates, and monitored their learning progress. Focuses on how these new…

Discusses theory, research, and applications relevant to one type of personal belief: perceived self-efficacy. Presents research evidence showing how social models, goal setting, and self-evaluation affect self-efficacy, motivation, and learning. Concludes with implications of the theory and research for educational practice. (SG)

Explicates the principles underlying whole-language theory and practice to reduce misunderstandings and misapplications and to help teachers of students with learning disabilities provide rich literacy learning experiences for their students. (RS)

Discusses the Cross-Aged Literacy Program as a mediational agent to assist adolescents who struggle with reading, writing and schooling. Notes that the procedures and activities enable ninth-grade students to take the responsibility for the learning of younger children and thus themselves. (SG)

Summarizes the major points about self-efficacy and proposes instructional responses teachers can employ to raise self-efficacy. Delineates various instructional procedures that can enhance self-efficacy increasing motivation and achievement. Suggests that by giving choice, teaching literacy strategies, creating self-evaluations and changing the…

Discusses the preparation and empowerment of teachers to engage in transactional strategy instruction. Reviews current research and practice relevant to transactional strategy instruction. Considers students' motivations to learn and cognitive strategy instruction beyond reading and writing. (HB)

Reviews research on effective strategies for teaching reading comprehension; written composition of narrative and expository text; and strategies for integrating reading and writing. Provides a set of teaching guidelines after each research review. Argues for teaching reading and writing as connected processes that have similar structures. (RS)

Outlines a balanced view of writing instruction emphasizing process, product, and purpose. Proposes various principles of writing that instructors should foster among student writers. Gives examples of these principles in practice. Argues for more carefully structured teacher-directed instruction. (HB)

Demonstrates how social constructivism has affected conceptual change research, and draws implications for reading and writing instruction from conceptual change research using social constructivism as a theoretical framework. Discuss why conceptual change researchers turned to social constructivism as a theoretical framework for their research.…

Examines the special education teacher's role as a more knowledgeable member of the classroom who uses dialogue to scaffold performance, nurtures the dialogical relationship that underlies the discourse in classrooms, uses procedural facilitation to make complex processes accessible to students, and transfers increasing levels of control and…

Outlines the potential for using whole language for remediation of reading disabilities. Criticizes current approaches to remediation. Discusses six principles of whole language instruction that are effective for remediation. Describes four whole-language programs that have successfully remediated students. Suggests alternative assessment…

Describes a full-time mainstreaming program that was recently implemented in a public elementary school. Discusses the changes in the role of the special education teachers participating in the program and how they perceived those changes. (HB)