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Direct linkEllis, Rod – ELT Journal, 2022
An important issue in the teaching of writing is whether students should prepare a plan before they start writing. Teacher guides generally recommend pre-task planning (PTP) but with provisos. Research that has investigated PTP, however, does not lend unconditional support to PTP. This article takes a look at the research and draws from it a…
Descriptors: Writing Processes, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, English (Second Language)
Ellis, Rod; Yuan, Fangyuan – Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 2004
Building on previous studies of the effects of planning on second language (L2) learners' oral narratives and drawing on Kellog's (1996) model of writing, this article reports a study of the effects of three types of planning conditions (pretask planning, unpressured on-line planning, and no planning) on 42 Chinese learners' written narratives…
Descriptors: Writing (Composition), Verbs, Second Language Learning, Oral Language
