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Canakli, Levent Ali; Alabay, Sercan – Journal of Education and Learning, 2022
French teaching in Ottoman Turkey found its actual speed with the Tanzimat period (the political reforms made in the ottoman state in 1839). Until the proclamation of the Republic, and even until the 1950s, French was considered the leading carrier of Western culture and civilization in Turkey, and teaching French was deemed necessary. However, it…
Descriptors: French, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Instructional Materials
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Wei, Li; Hua, Zhu – International Journal of Multilingualism, 2019
This article discusses a relatively under-explored phenomenon that we call Tranßcripting -- writing, designing and digitally generating new scripts with elements from different scriptal and semiotic systems. The data are drawn from examples of such scripts created by multilingual Chinese users in everyday online social interaction. We analyse the…
Descriptors: Chinese, Orthographic Symbols, Semiotics, Written Language
BARKER, MUHAMMAD ABD AL RAHMAN; AND OTHERS – 1967
THIS SUPPLEMENTARY VOLUME OF "A COURSE IN URDU" CONSISTS OF FIVE APPENDICES--(1) ABBREVIATIONS, (2) URDU-ENGLISH VOCABULARY, (3) ENGLISH-URDU FINDER LIST, (4) SUPPLEMENTARY URDU-ENGLISH VOCABULARY, AND (5) ENGLISH-URDU FINDER LIST FOR THE SUPPLEMENTARY VOCABULARY. ALSO INCLUDED IS AN INDEX TO ALL VOLUMES AND A LANGUAGE MAP OF INDIA AND…
Descriptors: Alphabets, Arabic, Contrastive Linguistics, Dictionaries
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Kari, James, Comp. – 1978
This dictionary contains lists of nouns in the Deg Xinag or Ingalik language as spoken in the Yukon River villages of Anvik, Shageluk, and Holy Cross, and the Kuskokwim River village of Stony River. After a presentation of the Ingalik alphabet, the nouns, with English equivalents, are listed according to the following categories: mammals; fish;…
Descriptors: Alaska Natives, Alphabets, American Indian Languages, Athapascan Languages
Leer, Jeff, Comp. – 1978
This dictionary of Kodiak Alutiiq contains much of the conversational vocabulary of the Kodiak Island dialects. The alphabet is presented with examples in English as a key to pronunciation and with explanations of the sound system. An introduction to the dictionary explains the format and provides examples for each category of word to facilitate…
Descriptors: Alaska Natives, Alphabets, Definitions, Dictionaries
Kari, James, Comp.; And Others – 1978
This dictionary contains lists of nouns in the Holikachuk Athabaskan language as spoken by about twenty people, most of whom live in the village of Grayling, Alaska. The Holikachuk alphabet and sound system are presented. The nouns with English equivalents are listed according to the following categories: animals, fish, insects, birds, plants,…
Descriptors: Alaska Natives, Alphabets, American Indian Languages, Athapascan Languages