Neural changes related to learning of the meaning of Chinese characters in English speakers were examined using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We examined item specific learning effects for trained characters, but also the generalization of semantic knowledge to novel transfer characters that shared a semantic radical (part of a…

Person-fit methods are used to uncover atypical test performance as reflected in the pattern of scores on individual items in a test. Unlike parametric person-fit statistics, nonparametric person-fit statistics do not require fitting a parametric test theory model. This study investigates the effectiveness of generalizations of nonparametric…

Using the telephone to contact others can be an important skill in maintaining friendships with peers. This investigation used a system of least prompts (SLP) procedures to teach two telephone skills to 3 elementary students with cognitive disabilities: (a) placing phone calls and (b) leaving recorded voicemail messages. The SLP procedure was…

Recent research examining racial differences on standardized cognitive tests has focused on the impact of test item difficulty. Studies using data from the SAT and GRE have reported a correlation between item difficulty and differential item functioning (DIF) such that minority test takers are less likely than majority test takers to respond…

This study examined the effects of training and feedback on instructor performance of Discrete Trial Teaching (DTT) and support skills. This included an examination of the generalization and maintenance of instructor skills, and the impact of instructor skills on student performance. Six undergraduate research assistants received an 8-hour…

The purpose of this study was to critically review the empirical evidence surrounding three assertions presented by FlagHouse concerning Snoezelen[R] environments in day school public education settings. Given the absence of empirical literature examining the use of Snoezelen[R] in day school settings, the authors analyzed five studies that were…

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of "Teach Your Child to Read in 100 Easy Lessons" (Engelmann, Haddox, & Bruner, 1983), on the acquisition and maintenance of reading skills by a six-year-old female with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Cognitive Disorder, and Mixed Receptive Language Disorder. The skills evaluated for…

This article reviews current methods for evaluating models in the cognitive sciences, including theoretically based approaches, such as Bayes factors and minimum description length measures; simulation approaches, including model mimicry evaluations; and practical approaches, such as validation and generalization measures. This article argues…

Following training on an easy size discrimination, pigeons were matched on the basis of stimulus control by the positive stimulus following generalization tests. Three subjects were immediately retrained on a more difficult discrimination along the same dimension, while the remaining three subjects were retrained after a six-month delay. The…

The study examined the ability of preschool-age children to solve five format exemplars of number-numeral correspondence. Results indicated that some children were able to solve number-numeral correspondence problems in some formats and not in others. This deficiency was remediated by training in one, two, or (at most) three format exemplars.…

Randomly assigned 12 amnesiac patients to either an experimental memory training program or to a control program of nonspecific activation. The control group showed the same level of improvement on most measures, and both groups improved significantly on outcome measures that assessed generalization of memory skills. (Author/MCF)

Reviews and critiques the validity generalization research based on the correlation model. In general, this review indicated that the validity generalization procedures are fairly accurate in estimating the mean and variance of true validities. Discussed potential problems with validity generalization/meta analysis based on criterion-related…

Research on the environmental conditions promoting generative language learning is reviewed. Recombinative generalization is introduced as a principle of stimulus control that enables individuals to express and to comprehend novel utterances. Alternative matrix-training procedures should be considered in attempts to optimize the development of…

While all six misarticulating children evidenced generalization, individual differences in learning patterns did emerge. These patterns were explained in terms of three factors: information about the children's unique knowledge about the phonologic system, the linguistic relationships among sounds, and the interaction of these factors with the…

This study investigates whether generalizing performance-scores of various hidden figures tests is justifiable. The test characteristics of embeddedness and norm figure uncertainty were systematically varied following a repeated measurement design. The generalizability of these test characteristics appeared to be limited. (Author/BW)