Compares the value of constructive criticism for older and younger children's artwork. Examines the effect that criticism has upon both age groups to learn whether the criticism is well received or damaging to further student effort. (Author/RK)

A new method for determining the durations of mental events, the method of special effects, was developed and applied to a series of three experiments. The method measures the effects of various context stimuli on the speed of responses to a probe stimulus. By varying the interval between onset of context and probe, the time courses of these…

A phenomenon called "pragmatic variation" is discussed as a child's individual system of behavior in response to a question the child doesn't understand but realizes that he must verbalize an answer to. (NCR)

This study uses a search task to investigate the development of word superiority effects in visual perception. Subjects are kindergarten, second and fourth grade children, and college students. (CM)

The relationships of structural features of memory (e.g., short-term store) and of control processes in memory (e.g., verbal rehearsal) were compared according to age, rural-urban differences, and amount of education. Culturally-specific skills were also investigated in Moroccan rug sellers and Koranic students, and in American college students.…

Two age groups of normal, autistic and sub-normal children were tested for their ability to recognize the faces of peers from isolated facial features and inverted photographs. (CM)

Suggests using visual cues such as boldface type, indenting, and color coding to help students identify important words in sentences and relationships between sentences. (MKM)

Thirty-nine normal pre-school and 48 older mentally handicapped children of similar vocabulary age were tested on a sentence comprehension test under three different presentation conditions. Results showed that presentation conditions did not affect normal children, but mentally handicapped children were adversely affected by the condition in…

Two experiments investigated the effects of pictures as first-sound or action mnemonics for learning letter-sound pairs by prereading kindergarten children. In both experiments, the mnemonics had a substantial effect during training, but this effect disappeared on a transfer test with the mnemonics removed. (Author/CP)

Ability to take the visual perspective of another was studied among 97 Anglo American and Mexican American boys and girls aged 5 to 6 and 7 to 9. (BD)

Investigated auditory word discrimination skills in children diagnosed as having minimal brain dysfunction (MBD) because a lack of auditory discrimination skill seems relevant to learning deficiency in language acquisition, a typical sign of MBD. (Editor/RK)

Available from: Sage Publications, Inc., 275 South Beverly Drive, Beverly Hills, California 90212. Presented are guidelines for the identification of target behaviors and suitable intervention techniques by therapists using behavior modification techniques. (IM)

Performance on assessment items using pictures to describe or state the problem situation was found to be less than performance on items testing similar content without pictures. These problems are analyzed; possible explanations and a review the related research literature are included. (SD)

To examine selective memorization in a scene context in which the expectancy of items was manipulated, preschool children, young adults, and older adults viewed a series of familiar scenes and were asked to remember one item from each. Results for children contrasted with the typical result of selective memorization research. (Author/RH)