Study conducted by the Aptitudes Research Project at the University of Southern California, under Contract Nonr-228(20) with the Office of Naval Research, Personnel and Training Branch.

The Revised Wechsler Memory Scale, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale subtests, and Halstead-Reitan battery were factor analyzed. Five types of memory were isolated: immediate verbal, recent verbal, recent figural, figural learning, and verbal learning storage. Loadings of memory and nonmemory tests indicate a closer relationship between some of…

Context-dependent metaphoric sentences of literally equivalent paraphrases were used as concluding statements for short didactic passages to investigate whether metaphors help or hinder prose comprehension. Adult participants' recall protocols indicated increased memorability for passages with metaphoric conclusions. (Author/LC)

In a study of second graders, results supported the hypothesis that recognition memory would be disrupted when children's attention control strategy required the same cognitive operations as the task material to be studied. (Author/MP)

Three experiments examined the effect of degree of learning on the amount of normal long-term forgetting of supraspan verbal lists. (Author/PN)

Indicates that the way different languages reduce speech to script affects how visual information is processed in the brain, suggesting that the relation between script and speech underlying all types of writing systems plays an important part in reading behavior. Compares memory performance of native English/Chinese speakers. (JN)

Three experiments examined whether the phenomena of visual search for single characters (Sternberg, 1966) generalizes to word and word-category search when target and distractor sets had varied and consistent mappings across trials. Previous results were replicated. Four principles of search are discussed within a theory of automatic/control…

The effects of rate repetition, self-generated visualization, and supplied visuals on the memorization of concrete noun-word pairs were investigated using 27 gifted children in grades four to six. The hypothesis that self-generated imagery techniques would be superior to supplied visuals was not supported. (Author/PN)

For the case of one independent group of subjects, illustrative analyses are presented for each of Shine's group actualized, group pure, and generalized pure multi-subject behavior functions. Each of the three analyses is done on the same set of data concerning eight subjects. (Author/PN)

Concludes that the general theory of text processing proposed by Kintsch and van Dijk is able to account for the memory of radio news bulletins in a number of respects. (FL)

Experiments demonstrating that perceptual identification and recognition memory both rely on memory for single prior processing episodes, contrary to common assumption, are reported. The balance between data-driven and conceptually-driven processing in reading is explored, and the effects of changing the subject's reliance on one or the other…

The relationship between nonverbal intelligence and English language ability was examined in 25 deaf children between the ages of 6 and 10. Subtests which require visual memory consistently entered the multiple regression equations as the best predictors of language performance. (Author)

In two experiments, subjects were instructed to take a distinctive point of view while reading and recalling a story. The results were interpreted to mean that the schema brought into play by the perspective instructions selectively enhances encoding when operative during reading, and selectively enhances retrieval when operative during attempts…

Discrimination learning, memory, and transfer capacity were assessed in 56 institutionalized moderately to severely retarded adults to provide information on trainability. Generally, the higher functioning Ss, defined by IQ and adaptive behavior learned more rapidly than did the lower functioning Ss. (Author/SW)

In two experiments, children ages six through eight, 10-year-old children, and college students were shown several series of slides. Each series told a unique "story" and was followed by oral questions. Results illustrated the increasing interdependence of the verbal and visual systems with age. (Author/MP)