The individual's capacity to be alone is the necessary condition for the experience of solitude. The capacity to be alone, a major sign of emotional maturity, enables the child to simply exist without having to react to external stimuli or act with a purpose; only in this way can the child discover his or her own personal life--that is, his or her…

Thirteen probation officers were interviewed to obtain their opinions about the nature of remorse. Six hundred sixty-eight features were identified and reduced to 50 key concepts. A 50-item construct rating form was then administered to 79 probation officers to obtain their opinions about remorse. A refined 42-item Remorse Construct Rating Form…

People update egocentric spatial relations in an effortless and on-line manner when they move in the environment, but not when they only imagine themselves moving. In contrast to previous studies, the present experiments examined egocentric updating with spatial scenes that were encoded linguistically instead of perceived directly. Experiment 1…

There is increasing evidence for the utility of mindfulness training as a clinical intervention. Most of this research has examined secular-based mindfulness instruction. The current study examined the effects of a 10-day Buddhist mindfulness meditation course on the psychological symptoms of 53 participants. A repeated-measures analysis of…

The study of gaze following in infants younger than 12 months of age has emphasized the effects of gesture, type of target, and its position or placement. This experiment extends this literature by examining the effects of adults' affective expression on 7-month-olds' gaze following. The effects of 3 affective expressions--happy, sad, and…

Intervention studies often rely on microcoded data of social interactions to provide evidence of change due to development or treatment. Traditionally these data have been collapsed into small contingency tables. Such an approach can introduce spurious findings. Instead of treating each unit's contingency table independently, or collapsing the…

This research investigated the relationship between clients' pursuit of avoidance (relative to approach) therapy goals and change in subjective well-being (SWB) from the beginning to the end of therapy. Results indicated that clients with more avoidance therapy goals evidenced a smaller increase in SWB over the course of therapy than those with…

Self-injury is intentionally injuring one's body without suicidal intent. However, self-injury is often confused with a suicide attempt. Drawing on her experience as a clinical coordinator at an in-patient program for youth who self-injure, the author provides a background on self-injury, then explores how self-injury differs from suicide and why…

The usefulness of personality traits in the explanation and prediction of entrepreneurship is critically evaluated, and both contemporary theory and existing empirical findings are reviewed, emphasizing the need for conceptual clarity and methodological reform. Detailed recommendations for future research are outlined, and this critique is…

The intersection of dimensions of subjective well-being (SWB) generates "SWB types." We delineated SWB types by cross-tabulating happiness and suffering ratings that participants attributed to outstandingly meaningful periods in their life referred to as "anchor periods." A sample of 499 older Israelis (age 58-94) was queried…

This study examined differences in the ability to decode emotion through facial expression, prosody, and verbal content between 14 children with Asperger's Syndrome (AS) and 16 typically developing peers. The ability to decode emotion was measured by the Perception of Emotion Test (POET), which portrayed the emotions of happy, angry, sad, and…

Research studies have shown that students encounter difficulties in transitioning from arithmetic to algebra. Errors made by high school students were analyzed for patterns and their causes. The origins of errors were: intuitive assumptions, failure to understand the syntax of algebra, analogies with other familiar symbol systems such as the…

This article explores the issue of university student recruitment and retention beyond the first and second year of studying science. The research investigated the "image" students have of science, the demands they face in studying science and student self-efficacy, and the relative importance of these factors as perceived by 140…

Research suggests that voluntary activity accounts for 40% of individual happiness and can be purposefully manipulated to make meaningful changes in one's reported level of happiness (Lyubomirsky, Sheldon, & Schkade, 2005a; Tkach & Lyubomirsky, 2006). The current study explored the utility of a school-based positive psychology psychoeducation…

The goal of this study is to understand ten Taiwanese graduate students' personal experiences with language anxiety and cultural adjustment while studying in an American university. This study focuses not only on language anxiety but also on cultural factors in participants' daily lives inside and outside of the classroom. The study utilized an…