The present study focuses on the task characteristics of reading passages and key sentences in a test of second language reading. Using a new methodological approach to describe variation in test task characteristics and explore how differences in these characteristics might relate to examinee performance, it posed the two following research…

Background: Learning conceptions may be studied as specific implicit theories based on theory of mind. Previous studies suggest that a developmental shift from a direct implicit theory of learning to an interpretative one occurs during childhood. Here we explore the development of children's autobiographies of learning to write by adopting this…

If teachers are teaching a set of standard content and assessments are made consistently, the relationship between these various assessments and the curriculum should be of interest. The purpose of this study was to explore the consistency of the mathematical measures of three prominent forms of mathematics assessment: standardized tests,…

School culture has recently emerged as a framework for the study and interpretation of the structure and development of schools. A work culture productivity model is described, and the development of a culture instrument is reported. The concept of school work culture, a subset of systems culture, refers to the collective work patterns of a…

A study was conducted to identify a comprehensive set of attributes that differentiate occupations and occupational groups. It also determined the feasibility of linking counselee preferences for those attributes to the World-of-Work Map (WWM), a career exploration tool used in DISCOVER, a computer-based career planning system. A literature review…

Conceptions of principal change facilitator style (PCFS) and bureaucratic and professional role orientations (BPROs) are used to explore the construct of teacher receptivity to change (TRC) and the relationships among teacher perceptions of PCFS and their perceptions of receptivity to change. Part I of the study analyzed and refined the…

A study was done to investigate the organization of teaching and learning activities experienced in teacher preparation courses in an urban university. A survey instrument developed for the study was administered to 254 trainees in 20 regular and special education courses. The graduate teacher education courses were stratified by educational…

The relationships between intellectual and demographic variables of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) were examined. Subjects were 2,200 children in the WISC-R standardization sample. Four multiple regression analyses were performed between Full Scale and Verbal Comprehension, Perceptual Organization, and Freedom from…

The internal/external (I/E) frame of reference model describes relations among Verbal self-concept (VSC), Math self-concept (MSC), and corresponding achievement scores (VACH, MACH). In support of the model Marsh (1986) found that: (1) VSC and MSC were nearly uncorrelated; (2) the effect of VACH on VSC, and of MACH on MSC, were positive; but (3)…

The construct validity of children's responses to the Self Description Questionnaire, the Perceived Competence Scale for Children, and the Multidimensional Measure of Children's Perceptions of Control was assessed. The tests' authors emphasized the importance of distinguishing self-perceptions in the physical, social, academic, and general content…

Approaches to studying the relationships between stress and school organizational sources of stress were examined. Rather than sampling a number of schools and school average data indicating school health and stress levels in these schools, simple teacher samples and teacher-level analyses were used. For a sample of 1300 high school teachers in…

The needs of evening students at Shelby State Community College campuses were surveyed in 1984, with attention to reasons for continuing one's education, employment status, preferred class times, and preferred teaching formats. Sixty-five questions were included dealing with students' perceived personal, academic, and career development concerns.…

The National Middle School Study was conducted to provide baseline data to guide development of a middle school teacher training program. This paper focuses on the responses of principals of exemplary middle schools to various functions and characteristics of the middle school. The principals were instructed to reflect actual, rather than the…

Four-year old children in the New York State Experimental Prekindergarten Program (PreK) were administered three cognitive and two behavioral measures to determine if the data would provide sets of a smaller number of variables, to see if the variables overlapped, and to determine the appropriateness or redunduncy of the tests. The tests were: the…

POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE ASPECTS OF REARING MENTAL RETARDATES WERE IDENTIFIED AND MEASURED DURING THIS STUDY BY EXAMINATIONS OF PARENTAL ATTITUDES AND HOW THESE ATTITUDES OFTEN AFFECT THE DAILY BEHAVIOR AND LEARNING READINESS OF CHILDREN WHILE IN SCHOOL. BEHAVIORAL FACTORS OF THE INDIVIDUAL CHILD WERE ANALYZED AND COMPARED WITH STATISTICS COVERING…