The types of defenses used by high and low hostility--guilt subjects in dealing with frustration--aggression situations were studied. Among males, high-guilt subjects tended to turn aggression against themselves, and use denial, repression, reaction-formation and isolation rather then expressions of hostility to the object. Female data failed to…

Attempts to discover whether direct gaze is seen as facilitating social comparison and if the relationship between direct gaze and liking is reversed when the subject is motivated to avoid social comparison. (Author/RK)

The present study explored the utility of treating self-esteem as an attitude that might be vulnerable to the same kinds of experimental manipulations usually directed at more traditional, less consequential attitudinal issues. (Author)

Extended recent research concerning effects of stressful life events. Scores for amount of recent life change correlated positively with symptoms of maladjustment and external locus of control and negatively with social interest. (Author)

Psychosynthesis is a name for the process of personal growth: our natural tendency to harmonize our various aspects at even higher levels of organization. This section considers the many subpersonalities that compose each one of us. It gives exercises in discovering them, understanding them, and getting free from their control. (Author/BP)

Clarifies the nature of communication avoidance through a structural analysis grounded in facet theory. Presents evidence for a duplex model of avoidance in which theoretical distinctions among modalities of approach-avoidance and context proved empirically relevant. Discusses implications of these findings for the explication, treatment, and…

Relations among hormone levels, emotional dispositions, and aggressive attributes were examined in 56 boys and 52 girls, aged 9 to 14 years. (PCB)

Addresses the psychological effects of torture (including solitary confinement) and the implications of torture for counseling and the counseling psychology profession. Discusses counseling issues related to diagnosis of torture victims, treatment, special considerations for counselors, use of testimony as counseling technique, and prognosis.…

Examines four novels for children, each told in the voice of a bicultural child, which express four states of cross-cultural experience--dual rejection, selective rejection, attempted dual identities, and self-created inclusive identity. (MM)

Questions why teachers persist in using red-ink pencils to mark students' papers. Draws parallels between psychological impact of red ink and associations with blood, violence, and horror. (NEC)

Notes that premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a commonly occurring problem that must be dealt with by both the helping and the health professions. Provides a brief update on recent advances in understanding and treating PMS. Emphasizes points of contact among various health professionals in developing an interdisciplinary approach to intervention.…

Examined the role of cognitive mediators in identifying differences in aggression of incarcerated and nonincarcerated male and female adolescents. Found hostile-aggressive individuals more likely to hold beliefs supporting aggression and to be unconcerned about the consequences of violent actions. (SKC)

This article considers the validity of the widely-held notion that exercising for physical fitness also reduces stress. The ways in which researchers define "stress" and "fitness" are described. Several researchers comment on the subject and various research projects are discussed. (JL)

A preliminary analysis of the issue of "homecoming" (problems occurring upon returning home from a training course) as it relates to management development courses has been constructed. It is recommended that courses aimed at self- and other-awareness and attitude reconstruction are more likely to result in homecoming problems and also to have…

Indicates that premenstrual and menstrual women preferred comedy over alternative choices more strongly than did women midway through the cycle. Suggests that this preference reflects a desire to overcome the hormonally mediated noxious mood states that are characteristically associated with the premenstrual and menstrual phases of the cycle. (JD)