The present research examined possible sex differences in the relative strengths of the norms of equity and equality as determinants of reward distribution behavior. The subjects of the study were 72 male and 78 female undergraduate students. It was predicted that females would be more concerned with equality than males. Results supported the…

The relationship between stress and adjustment and the perceived severity of father's drinking was studied in a random sample of adolescents in a southeastern general population. Significant differences were found on measures of psychophysiological stress, degree of anger usually expressed and activities used to relieve depression. Children of…

The purpose of this experiment was to relate two bodies of research on anxiety: test anxiety, or anxiety proneness specific to the testing situation, and trait-state anxiety. The author hypothesized that state anxiety--anxiety not tied to any particular situation but aroused in "any" situation--should be highly related to test anxiety during a…

One conception of ego development and recent research on its outcome are presented. The infant first asserts his selfhood through demand and negation. This is the Impulsive stage. The next stage is the Ritual-hedonistic stage, in which controls are supplied by ritual observances, and reward and punishment remain important sanctions. The next…

This investigation sought to determine the relationship, in fifth grade children, between semantic divergent thinking and different types of risk taking. Also studied was the pattern of relationships between types of risk taking behavior and the variables of: (1) types of divergent thinking, (2) need for achievement, (3) sex, and (4) IQ. The…

From 300 introductory psychology students, 40 female "snake phobics" were selected to test the hypothesis that distraction paired with fearful imagery is effective in alleviating the "phobia." Subjects were divided into three treatment groups and a control group: H+PI (fear hierarchy plus pleasant imagery as distraction), H+P…

The efficacy of gating in the processing of simple, multidimensional stimuli was investigated. In Experiment 1, a continuous classification task was used, with subjects sorting cards according to binary dimensions of line orientation and location. Results suggested that orientation and location are integral dimensions, facilitation occurring with…

The present study sought to determine whether high- and low-sexual responders on a double-entendre word association test differed in defensive preference on Gleser and Ihilevich's Defense Mechanism Inventory. (Author)

Subjects (N=43) aged 50 and more were tested on a Sternberg recognition-memory task to explore the relative effects of depression and altered brain function on short-term memory in later life. Many performance differnces were best accounted for by the additive effects of depression and educational background, rather than by either variable…

In a survey of opinion among 100 psychiatrists and 93 trainees in Australia, the majority endorsed the view either that "homosexuality is a developmental anomaly not necessarily or commonly associated with neurotic symptoms" or that "homosexuality is a normal variant like left-handedness." (Author)

This experiment tested a theory of schizophrenia which views the central defect as an inadequate integration of perceptual and cognitive processes. (Editor)

This study reports the initial results of an attempt at introducing and validating the theoretical construct of loneliness. The conception of loneliness included four components: intensity and types of missing relationships; rationalizations and defenses of feelings of deprivation; time-perspective; and perception of personal abilities to change…

Possible drug-behavior relationships were viewed from a developmental perspective (e.g., sex, age, and maturation rate), insofar as drug effects will be directly related to the level of physiological and psychological maturation achieved by the drug user. Consequently, proposals were made dealing with drug education in the schools. (Author)

Explores relationships among culture, character, and suicide, drawing on author's research in Scandinavia and his studies of suicide among United States urban blacks and college students. Varying psychodynamic ways suicidal individuals in differing cultures and subcultures conceive of, use, and absorb death tell us much about how we live. (Author)