Requests for reprints should be sent to: Norman N. Markel, Communication Sciences Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32601.

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and the Rorschach test are frequently used in juvenile justice settings to assess current psychological functioning and to predict future behavior. The Exner Comprehensive System, which standardized the Rorschach, made possible a comparison of the Rorschach and the MMPI in an investigation of…

A study replicated Robert Sommer's classic work of library table seat choices, showing that people given defensive instructions chose end seats while people given offensive instructions chose middle seats. In a followup study, defensiveness was measured in college students who were asked where they typically sat at library tables. This study found…

Although surveys of mental health involve some controversy, a significant relationship between values and mental health appears to exist. To study the adaption of individuals with alternative values to their psychological worlds, over 2,000 adults identified their most important values. Alcohol abuse, drug abuse, dizziness, anxiety, and general…

Three explanations for post-stress performance decrement were investigated--learned helplessness, passive uncontrollability, and distrust. A group of male and female undergraduates at Carthage College (N=112) were exposed to one of four stress treatment conditions: escapable noise (EN), inescapable noise (IN), noise experienced with no expectation…

A series of three field experiments, using 233 subjects in all, tested the effect of anonymity on helping. All three experiments demonstrated that identifiable subjects were significantly more likely to offer non-emergency help than were anonymous subjects. The third experiment also showed that only anonymous subjects were more likely to help a…

One hundred and fifteen patients coming to a psychiatry walk-in clinic were evaluated for suicidal ideation prior to their intake interview. Sixty percent of the patients had suicidal ideation, 20% to an extreme degree. Recognition of suicidal ideation, based on a content analysis of the clinical chart, was 27% for the entire group and 56% for the…

Organizational identification (OID) is defined as a psychological climate variable reflecting positive perceptions of the organization. The prediction of OID, using measures of interpersonal facets of work, was examined for contingencies due to interactions between organizational context/structure and worker self-esteem. It was hypothesized and…

The differential effects of self- and other-directed negative affect on subsequent generosity are explored in two studies, both using a modified version of the direct mood inducement procedure (Moore, 1973). Subjects (N=85) in the first experiment were children aged 7-12. Subjects (N=48) in the second experiment were college undergraduates.…

THE LACK OF CONSENSUS AMONG MEDICAL-LEGAL AUTHORITIES AS TO THE MEANING OF DELINQUENCY AND THE MANAGEMENT OF DELINQUENT CHILDREN IS DESCRIBED. THIS CONFLICT IS GENERAL IN THAT THE LEGAL DEFINITION EMPHASIZES BEHAVIOR AND ACTION WHILE THE PSYCHOLOGICAL DEFINITION EMPHASIZES THE ENDOPSYCHIC CONFLICT AND NEED MOTIVATING THE BEHAVIOR. EMPHASIS IS…

THIS STUDY DEMONSTRATES THE EFFECT OF LISTENING TO TAPE RECORDINGS ON STUDENT COUNSELOR'S (SC) COGNITIVE BEHAVIOR. SIX 5-MINUTE TAPES WERE VALIDATED TO PRESENT THREE KINDS OF CLIENT RESPONSES TO THE COUNSELOR--(1) NEGATIVE AND HOSTILE, (2) POSITIVE AND SUPPORTIVE, AND (3) NEUTRAL. AFTER LISTENING TO THE TAPES, THE SUBJECTS WERE ASKED TO PERFORM…

This study's purpose was to investigate effects of heightened anxiety upon writing performance of subjects with different levels of creativity and prior anxiety. Eighty ninth-graders were divided by median splits on test scores into high and low creativity and prior anxiety levels. Subjects produced editorial essays half under high and half under…

Prompted by the lack of information about the post-parental, pre-retirement generation, this study identified the nature of stress in the lives of a stratified cluster sample of 113 men and women who were 45 through 64 years of age. In semi-structured, in-depth interviews with experienced M.S.W. social workers, subjects identified the stressful…

Type A behavior is characterized by extremes of time-urgency, competitive achievement striving, impatience and hostility. Type A persons have distinct patterns of responding to opponents' strategies for lowering hostility. Since minimum retaliation allows the opponent control over one's behavior, the strategy should effectively lower Type A…