Whether selection processes contribute to group-level disparities or merely reflect pre-existing inequalities is an important societal question. In the context of observational data, researchers, concerned about omitted-variable bias, assess selection-contributing inequality via a kitchen-sink approach, comparing selection outcomes of…

New technologies are changing the way we see and understand university education, with the advent of new, more flexible organization methods capable of reaching people via class formats like Small Private Online Courses (SPOCs). However, studies which have analyzed these types of courses have focused on their implementation and not on the…

An increasing number of research is focusing on L2 grit, which plays a significant role in SLA. But few studies examine the factors that affect L2 grit. This study investigates the internal predictors influencing L2 grit in Chinese college students, specifically focusing on L2 willingness to communicate (WTC), L2 anxiety and L2 joy. A structural…

Understanding latent variables is essential in EFL research. This article examines key latent variables, such as linguistic competence, cognitive ability and socio-cultural factors. These variables play a crucial role in shaping EFL learning experiences and outcomes. Researchers can use methods such as exploratory factor analysis (EFA),…

We develop a structural after measurement (SAM) method for structural equation models (SEMs) that accommodates missing data. The results show that the proposed SAM missing data estimator outperforms conventional full information (FI) estimators in terms of convergence, bias, and root-mean-square-error in small-to-moderate samples or large samples…

The purpose of this study is to determine the level of relation between pre-service teachers' university image perception and student loyalty. This research is designed as correlational survey model. University image scale and student loyalty scale are used in this study. Study group consists of 419 pre-service teachers studying at a state…

While flipped learning has attempted to explain the benefits of technology applied to educational settings, this study aims to validate research questions and test the theory of the learning strategies in flipped learning. A self-designed questionnaire, consisting of 17 critical indicators of online self-regulation, project-based learning and…

The applicability of digital technologies is increasing boundlessly and so are the opportunities of the end-users, with ample opportunities to embed these technologies in the teaching and learning process. Nonetheless, classroom adoption of technologies, particularly in mathematics remains on the lower end of innovation in teaching and learning.…

It is predicted that hundreds of chief enrollment management officer (CEMO) positions may become available due to high turnover within the next few years, creating an opportunity for a new generation of leaders. In this causal comparative quantitative study, data was collected from 211 current CEMOs to understand the challenges and highlights of…

Sophisticated analytic strategies have been proposed as viable methods to improve the quantification of student improvement and to assist educators in making treatment decisions. The performance of three categories of latent growth modeling techniques (linear, quadratic, and dual change) to capture growth in oral reading fluency in response to a…

Schommer Epistemological Questionnaire (SEQ) has been widely used in varying purposes providing significant input to the growing body of epistemological research. However, there is no consensus regarding its factor structure. Since researchers in teacher education still use the said instrument, the study aimed to investigate both the…

The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptions of teacher candidates about distance education teacher training classroom environments and to display the relationships among distance education classroom environment variables and course achievement. This study was designed according to relational survey research and employed structural…

We aimed to model the direct effects of the theorized relationships of academic self-efficacy, computer use self-efficacy, learning management system self-efficacy, internet and information-seeking self-efficacy, and online learning self-efficacy using structural equation modeling. The study proves that academic self-efficacy has positive…

The key objective of this study was to reveal the key factors that impact university students' continued usage intentions with respect to Learning Management Systems (LMSs). Given the context-dependent nature of e-learning, the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model was applied and extended with constructs principally…

Purpose: This paper aims to investigate the relationship between a sustainable university brand and the intention of international students to study at Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), one of Malaysia's premier universities. Moreover, the study explored the moderating effect of opinion leaders on the intention of international students to study at…