Outlines the limitations of letter grades and the problems with giving percentage points. Discusses authentic evaluation and the author's daily process of evaluation with her low-reading students as they engage daily in reflecting, rethinking, selecting, and deciding. (SR)

Examines the progress of problem-based learning in the University of Colorado (Denver)'s educational administration program, stressing the roles of multiple design innovations, multiple intelligences, and constructivist approaches. Program developers learned five major lessons: clarifying roles, linking assessments with standards, defining the…

Discusses variation in interlanguage and suggests two hypotheses to explain such variation as multiple internal representations of a form and processing errors. Suggests that second language learners can initially represent new forms as prototype schemas, and that such non-discrete representations are a third source of variation in interlanguage.…

Three studies were conducted in New Zealand with preschool children and high school students which examined computer attitudes and the effect of particular gender views on exploratory behavior. Results suggest that high school affirmative action programs are working, more female role models are needed, and efforts need to include young children.…

Examined whether children's causality beliefs about school performance show similar developmental profiles across six distinct sociocultural settings. Found markedly similar developmental patterns in their beliefs about the importance of effort, ability, luck, teachers, and unknown factors as influences on school performance. Found that factors…

The first of two studies found direct effects of sixth and seventh graders' perceptions of their parents' marital conflict on the children's internalizing behaviors; and indirect effects, through parent-child relationships, on externalizing behaviors. The second study found indirect effects of marital conflict and parent-to-child hostility,…

Summarizes research on the benefits of integrating campers with diverse characteristics, and describes the "benefits-based model" of programming, which addresses social problems through recreational activities. Implications for camp administration include recruiting participants and staff from various ethnic and social backgrounds and identifying…

Describes the application of a teaching model to the teaching of a science course entitled Changes in Matter. Discusses the teaching sequence and the outcomes of the unit in terms of students' conceptual development. Concludes that the approach requires a conceptual, methodological, and attitudinal change for teachers and students. (DDR)

Assessed opinions of 329 counselor educators regarding the ideal delivery, goals, and methods of clinical supervision. Also examined the influences of theory and research relative to the practice of clinical supervision. Important supervision goals presented here include assisting counselors to develop clinical skills, to increase self-awareness,…

Estimates the effects of three types of differences in Taiwanese vocational schools on students' achievement: institutional investment, student background, and learning processes. The analysis is based on multilevel modeling. Although some subgroups of the qualitative differences affect students' performance, student background has little effect…

Argues that culturally effective practice remains elusive within child welfare agencies. Presents specific strategies that enhance cultural effectiveness at the individual, interprofessional, middle management, and upper management levels. Highlights a five-stage model of change and explores barriers to culturally competent practice, focusing on…

Describes a collaboration among a university, a state child welfare agency, and a Native American community organization to develop a culturally driven practice model for urban, Native American child welfare. Identifies challenges and opportunities in addressing the needs of urban Native American communities. Concludes with principles for…

Discusses how communal norms, which emerge gradually across childhood, are a product of social exchanges characteristic of relationships with family members and friends. Distinguishes between communal and exchange relationships. Reviews theoretical and empirical work on adults' use of communal norms and speculates on their developmental…

Examined gender differences in 514 children's competence and value beliefs from first through twelfth grade, and the relation of these trends to initial differences in parents' perceptions of children's ability. Found that gender differences in competence and value beliefs related to sports and mathematics. Gender differences in competence beliefs…

A survey was completed by 261 caregivers of elementary children in rural North Carolina (93 percent mothers, 59 percent African American). Most respondents engaged in and modeled multiple risk behaviors for their children, including smoking, poor diet, and physical inactivity. Various groups' attitudes toward their own behavior are examined.…