A study investigated the extent to which bottom-up and top-down conceptual frameworks of reading were held by primary grades teachers. In the first phase of the study, 66 teachers were given the Theoretical Orientation to Reading Profile (TORP), which was designed to reflect belief systems of reading instruction organized around a continuum from…

The model developed for this paper describes procedures for obtaining job relevant data for a needs assessment of principals' competencies to determine the discrepancy between their actual and desired performance. The major components of the model include selecting a committee to oversee the process, completing a job analysis, identifying and…

Aspects of 11 instructional television (ITV) networks in the United States and Canada were compared to illustrate areas of practical interest to Alaskan educators and policy makers. Areas examined included: (1) the use of broadcasting to deliver K-12 programming; (2) post-secondary academic courseware, adult basic education, and continuing…

This paper presents a rationale for making social action a major goal of elementary and secondary school social studies education. In addition, it describes social action models, suggests social action approaches appropriate for students at various grade levels, and reviews literature on social action by public school students. Social action is…

Concepts of families and issues surrounding them are discussed in this paper. The inseparability of the issues of sexism and racism in concepts of families is examined. Then a historical basis for concepts of families in this country and internationally is presented with an emphasis on concepts of families held in the United States on both…

Data are summarized in Scheuneman's Score x Group x Response frequency table in order to investigate item bias. The data can arise from two different sampling models: (1) multinomial sampling in which a fixed sample size is used and the responses are cross-classified according to score, group, and response; and (2) product-multinomial sampling in…

The purpose of the Promising Practices Diffusion Project, 1979-80, was to further develop, implement, and improve a statewide system for disseminating Promising Practices in vocational and career education. (Promising Practices are those exemplary projects which have met established criteria of quality.) During the first stage, a project base was…

This model describes how the guidance staff at a hypothetical high school communicated the effectiveness of the guidance program to students, parents, teachers, and administrators. A description of the high school is presented, and guidance services and personnel are described. A conceptual model responding to student needs is outlined along with…

This study gives counselors some "cook-book" instructions in techniques of working with groups of teachers to give the latter explicit and detailed instructions for the use of role playing with their students. Role playing is described as a minimally threatening and maximally familiar way to increase students' understanding and acceptance of the…

Procedures for the evaluation of patient education programs have been slow to evolve; the majority of programs, in fact, remain unevaluated. Patient education efforts, particularly with cancer patients, are effective in enhancing recovery, alleviating anxiety, and facilitating compliance. Patient education should minimize patient dependence on…

The purpose of this study is to understand how parental attitudes affect the development of children at risk for psychosocial retardation. The investigation employs measures of maternal attitudes toward self, toward parenting, toward the child, a measure of the quality of the home environment, and measures of children's self-concept, school…

The paper reports on a research study investigating the attitudinal and content retention effects of a proposed values/moral education model. The research focuses on four components: 1) appropriate research designs consistent with the model used, 2) appropriate, reliable, and valid posttest attitude tests consistent with the expressed goals and…

The Nature of Scientific Knowledge Scale (NSKS) is a 48 item, Likert-type instrument designed to assess high school students' understanding of the nature of scientific knowledge. This attitude scale is based on a six-factor model adapted from the factor-explication format used by Victor Showalter. Scientific knowledge is characterized as: (1)…

The applicability of item characteristic curve (ICC) theory to a multiple choice test item pool used to measure achievement is described. The rationale for attempting to use ICC theory in an achievement framework is summarized, and the adequacy for adaptive testing of a classroom achievement test item pool in a college biology class is studied.…

A time sequence of recruitment activities was developed using high school data to represent the total, potential, and actual student markets for Pennsylvania State University. High schools with similar characteristics were grouped according to potential recruitment yields. Under the assumption that college decision-making behavior approximated the…