Describes three delayed-response experiments which tested two- and three-year-old children's memories for location of a hidden object under several combinations of spatial and pictorial cue availability and emphasis. (Author/JMB)

Two experiments with 18-week-old infants employed an interference paradigm to study infant visual memory for faces. (Author/JMB)

In a free-recall task, sixth graders were given instructions to rehearse aloud either actively or passively and were exposed to materials which differed in terms of the presumed salience of the list organization. Results showed that recall varied as a function of list organization under both types of rehearsal. (Author/JMB)

Examined relation between complaints of memory problems and memory test performance among depressed (N=25) and nondepressed (N=25) adults over the age of 40. Although depressed adults complained of greater problems in memory than did nondepressed adults, memory test performances of both groups were in the average to above average range. Discusses…

The study evaluated the semantic system of mentally retarded adults (N=32) to determine whether they encode information in semantic memory on the dimensions of item prototypicality and list organization. Results suggested that interference effects inhibited encoding by organization and typicality. (DB)

Three studies were conducted to investigate changes in global procedures (memory for a whole word), component procedures (memory for a letter in a word), and serial procedures (memory for a letter sequence in a word) as a function of learning to read. (PCB)

Tested the pegword system as an aid to memory in four age categories (18-30, 31-45, 46-59, and 60-90) using familiar sayings as stimuli. Results showed improved recall equally in all groups, although age had a pronounced effect on absolute recall level. No group reported significant spontaneous use of visual imagery. (Author/ABL)

Surveys the spread of literate culture in Western Europe and especially England and the decline of the ancient art of memory, both greatly attributable to the advent of printing. Argues that memory and literacy not only have intriguing historical roots but are closely intertwined. (JOW)

The objective of this article is to develop baseline models showing principal approaches to category learning. All models are based on a common memory array but vary in memory access and decision processes useful for interpretation of empirical phenomena. The main models discussed are exemplar, prototype, and feature. (JAZ)

A study examined the effects of biofeedback and relaxation training on memory tasks among 48 hyperactive boys (9-11 years old). Relaxation training in combination with biofeedback was useful in helping the boys achieve better muscle relaxation and perform better on a paired-associate memory task than did a control group. (Author/CB)

Studies of orientation perception in infants and children have revealed an "oblique effect," that is, a performance advantage for tasks involving horizontal and vertical stimulus orientations compared with tasks involving oblique orientations. The two studies reported support the hypothesis that oblique stimulus orientations are treated…

Production frequency of exemplars for 16 categories was obtained from institutionalized mentally retarded adults and compared with those of nonretarded children, adolescents, and adults with the typicality ratings of the same retarded Ss. Production frequency of exemplars by retarded and nonretarded persons was remarkably similar. (Author/CL)

Consistent with findings that infants respond to the orientation of a visual stimulus in a categorical-like manner, data obtained from two- and three-month-old infants viewing horizontal/vertical, non-mirror-image oblique, and mirror-image oblique stimulus pairs indicate that elements of oblique/oblique stimulus pairs were more frequently confused…

Both retarded and nonretarded adults (N=26) failed to benefit from opportunities to mentally rehearse their criterion movement over the retention interval, suggesting that strategic differences between the groups cannot explain the poorer performances of the retarded Ss. The retarded Ss appeared to have problems remembering the sensory…

Emphasizes the social and interpersonal aspects of actions, especially as described in Soviet psychology. Argues that remembering is essential for intentional action. Intentional action is derived from the communication and cooperative relations between two people. (RH)