Clarifies several issues in response to recent criticisms of habituation and related novelty-preference techniques used in studies of infant memory. (RH)

The short term memory performance of three groups of nonretarded and one group of 36 mentally retarded persons (mean mental age of 8.95 years) who were tested using the Brown-Peterson paradigm was compared using two scoring methods. (Author/SW)

Distinguishes between the processes of memory, the raw material of fiction writing, and an informed response to the past, essential to writing history. Asserts that the fiction writer's task is to turn private recollection into universal experience accessible to all readers. (AEA)

Three groups of 34 learning disabled children (12 to 16 years old) and one control group of normal readers were asked to retain verbal material across distrator intervals ranging from 9 to 24 seconds. LD children's retention of verbal material is more susceptible to interference from similar material than normals. (Author)

Presents two experiments designed to evaluate how subjects represent and process logical quantifiers in sentences considering verbal string, abstract propositional and abstract analog as models for quantifier memory. Results show that quantifier memory depends on propositional and verbal string information but not analog. (Author/BK)

After studying photographs of real-world scenes, kindergartners, fourth graders, and adults were tested on their recognition memory in the landmark-in-context condition. For testing, the original scenes were paired with three types of foils: different landmark/different context, different landmark/original context, and original landmark/different…

Two-year-old children's memory for locations of hidden objects was examined in four cue conditions. Pictures marked hidden-object locations in three of these conditions, and either depicted or were related associatively to hidden objects. In the fourth condition, only blank cards were presented with the objects. (Author/SS)

The author reviews Plato's epistemological speculations on the nature of perception, memory, and ideation and suggests that, although this dialog is primarily concerned with the nature of knowledge, it can also be construed as reflecting a Platonic conception of cognitive disabilities. (Author)

The use of A', a nonparametic measure of sensitivity in tests of recognition memory, is discussed. In particular, two formulas for computing A' are considered. (Author/SB)

A series of free-recall experiments was conducted in which preschool children were tested repeatedly over many sessions. Various experimental manipulations were interspersed with baseline sessions along the lines of the single-subject design commonly used in free-operant studies. (Author/JMB)

Courses on memory improvement were taught to 46 older adults. Their most frequent complaint was inability to remember names. Almost all reported reduction in anxiety following training. Immediate and four-week follow-ups showed significantly better memory performance than on the pretest. (SK)

Elementary and college students completed a cued intentional forgetting task, either a direct or indirect test of word recall, and a final free recall test for both remember- and forget-cued words. In both groups, performance on word-stem completion tasks was enhanced in comparison with an immediate free-recall group, but only for material thought…

Suggests that phonological short-term memory (STM) tasks are influenced by both lexical and sublexical factors inherent in the selection and construction of the stimuli to be recalled. Examined whether long-term memory influences STM at a sublexical level by investigating whether the frequency with which one-syllable nonwords occur in polysyllabic…

The biological process by which memory occurs is examined, through the study of changes over time in neuromuscular synapses. Research of the process of synapse elimination in mice shows that when damaged nerves reconnect, only receptors of the winning nerve eventually remain; other receptors fade away, leaving part of the endplate permanently…

A comparison of 12 persons with Parkinson's disease (PD), 12 with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and 12 in a control group on a memory scanning task found some slow scanning speed in PD patients. Despite normal scanning speed, most AD patients required highly structured instructions to complete the task, and many remained unable to do so. (SK)