Reports four experiments which contrast the levels-of-processing perspective (holding that the durability of memory traces is a function of the depth to which items are processed) with the transfer-appropriate-processing perspective (holding that encoded events are always represented in a semantic memory code). (MM)

Two groups of adults (185 over age 60, 184 ages 17-39) both believed that many items are better remembered by older adults. The older group reported some memory decline; both groups agreed that some memory tasks are more difficult and take longer for older adults. Older subjects used more external memory aids. (SK)

Describes the five types of memory: (1) semantic--what words and symbols mean; (2) implicit--how to do something such as ride a bike; (3) remote--data collected over the years; (4) working--short-term memory; and (5) episodic--recent experiences. Assesses the likelihood of each type's decaying over time. (JOW)

Sixty undergraduate college students took part in two experiments designed to test the hypothesis that the involvement of inference in remembering leads to overconfidence. Discusses the response-independence model, which is appropriate to retrieval, and the response-dependence model, which applies to inference. (DR)

Infants were trained to kick their feet into a crib mobile and tested two weeks later. Found that presentation of a moving, but not a stationary, mobile in a reminder treatment 24 hours before testing alleviated forgetting in the test and that, in the test, memory of the kicking activity was specific to the conditions of the original training. (BC)

Finds that subjects with a choice about whether to interact with their partner again (or with one of the persons they observed) remembered less in general than those expecting to interact with the same person or with a different person. Participants remembered significantly more conversational information using cued recall than observers, and…

The presence of a developmental trend in the magnitude of perceptual repetition priming was assessed using a picture completion task. Found that four- and six-year olds and young adults showed the same amount of repetition priming when both a proportional measure of priming was used and spurious explicit memory influences were partialed out from…

Administered Logical Memory subtest of Wechsler Memory Scale to 40 closed-head-injured (CHI) and 40 control subjects. Tested recall immediately after administration, 40 minutes later, and 24 hours later. Results suggest that CHI patients have difficulty selectively retrieving most important information after long delay. (Author/NB)

Investigated relationships among participants' assessments of working alliance, effectiveness of counseling sessions, and memories for important therapeutic events in 10 counseling dyads. Found that counselors exhibited greater specificity of recall of important events for sessions rated as more effective and showed greater specificity of recall…

Findings reveal that memory retrieval at six months of age is highly specific to the setting in which the memory is acquired. This suggests that infants learn what events are associated with what places before they are able to locomote independently and acquire a spatiotemporal map of the relations between those places. (RH)

Three age groups (ages 20, 45, and 65 years) indicated whether they owned each of 30 commercial memory aids and rated usefulness of each aid. Each age group used or perceived certain aids as more useful than did other groups. Results suggest that memory aid usage differs with age partly because memory tasks required changes with life stage.…

A. Baddeley's model of the working memory of congenitally deaf persons is examined in light of research on encoding by this population. It is concluded that a model of the working memory of the deaf must include subsystems for articulatory, sign, and visual encoding. (Author/DB)

Examined whether delayed recall factor could be found by substituting percent retained (saving) scores for existing Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) delayed recall subtests scores. Principal component analyses of age-corrected WMS-R immediate and save scores in mixed clinical sample (n=168) failed to find hypothesized save factor. (Author/NB)

Notes that variety of reaction time measures have been developed and studied as correlates of intelligence. Describes several of most widely used reaction time tests and reports summaries of their correlations with intelligence. Describes model that attempts to account for relationship between speed-of-processing and intelligence in terms of…

Provides eight ways for trainers to avoid overloading trainees: prepare succinct reference materials, let learners do more, chunk training, design materials with memory aids, create job aids, build automaticity, give learners "training wheels," and detect and correct overload during training. (JOW)