Investigated whether it took more time for first graders to answer a question if they began with a small mental image of the queried object than if they began with a normal-sized image. It was hypothesized that it would take them more time to "see" part of the smaller image. Preliminary results were consistent with this expectation. (Author/JMB)

To determine whether the frequently found short-term memory deficits in poor readers reflect a lack of ability or inclination to use efficient task strategies, the performances of second-grade good and poor readers were compared on a task which allowed direct observation of the use of verbal rehearsal as a mnemonic strategy. (Author/JMB)

Five-year-olds, 9-year-olds, and adults were compared in a successive tachistoscopic recognition task in which size of the first array and the interval between the first array and the second single recognition-test stimulus were varied. (Author/SB)

Study looks at whether spatial memory is automatic by examining the effects of intentionality and attention to contextual organization in spatial memory. The pattern of results demonstrated that reconstruction was enhanced by intentionality or by the goal-relevant activity of attending to contextual spatial relations. (Author/RWB)

To study age-related improvements in information processing, a release from proactive interference (PI) procedure was used with 144 children in conjunction with a running memory task. For class of item and acoustic similarity, evidence was found for PI release with age, but there was no evidence of a relationship between short-term memory (STM)…

Infants who cried in response to a reward shift evidenced no retention of the contingency 1 week later but did have excellent retention at one day. Reactivation treatment alleviated forgetting at three weeks. Results indicate that crying in response to violation of a reward-expectation habit functions as an amnesic agent to produce accelerated…

Presents a broad perspective for memory research in counseling and levels of processing, and examines a series of hypotheses that are tied into current work in counseling. The overall heuristic of levels of processing is followed by an examination of the reformulations of the position and how these may result in testable counseling hypotheses.…

Older adults in highrise buildings were recruited for memory training using positive, neutral, or negative content approaches which were presented orally, on posters, or in flyers. More volunteers responded to oral presentations with neutral or positive content; poster respondents were more likely to complete training. Negative content tended to…

Investigates the nature of and changes in early memory demands and assesses the relationship between memory demands and memory performance among 10 children 30 and 42 months old and their mothers. Results suggested that mothers' memory demands have an impact on children's memory performance--providing at least partial support for Vygotsky's…

Presents evidence from the memory development literature showing why strategies and metaknowledge are not sufficient factors to account for memory development. Summarizes current research on the influence of the general knowledge base, including general world-knowledge and domain-specific knowledge and procedures. Discusses questions that must be…

Young, active, licensed professional boxers were found to display a pattern of neuropsychological deficits consistent with the more severe punch-drunk syndrome of years past. These deficits resulted in significantly lower test performance than that of control athletes matched for race, age, and level of education. (Author/ABB)

Teachers can help students increase their memory skills through activities in visualization, memory, and sequencing. (CL)

Investigates the extent to which the high levels of recall and organization observed when children are asked to recall classmates' names (class recall) can be attributed to organizational versus item-specific effects. (Author/NH)

Examines memory for room-sized spatial arrangement in relation to spatial and classification operations. Sixty first-grade children were given two Piagetian spatial tasks and a two-dimensional point duplication problem. Results of multiple regression showed that Euclidean knowledge (measured by verticality) and age in months predicted memory for…