Reviews empirical findings that misinformation effects in children are the product of automatic or unconscious and intentional or conscious processes. Outlines findings that show developmental change in cognitive processes underlying acceptance of misinformation in the absence of overall changes with age in the probability of reporting a…

Offers a narrative in the form of five confessions the author's life. Contends that writing from memory can be pedagogic and political. Concludes that writing what was witnessed is to testify to what is remembered, so that it cannot be forgotten. (PM)

Discusses cognitive models of instruction that can help develop new models of Instructional Systems Design (ISD) that include cognitive task analysis to identify mental models; constructive assumptions of learning; working memory and long-term memory; retrieval of new knowledge and skills from long-term memory; and support of metacognitive skills.…

Presents evidence that indicates recognition memory consists of three separate representations: a surface representation, a propositional textbase, and a situation model. (KEH)

Administered California Verbal Learning Test to young and old alcoholics and controls. Alcoholism and aging produced similar levels of immediate and delayed free recall. However, poor recognition memory and more frequent intrusion and false positive errors were associated with alcoholism but not with aging. Results suggest that alcoholism and…

Critiques an article by Ian Angus and John Lannamann on the fragmentation of the communication field ("Questioning the Institutional Boundaries of U. S. Communication Research: An Epistemological Inquiry," v38 n3). Argues that any medium, including the body, can be conceptualized as a system of symbol creation, recognition, and…

As a means of facilitating adult development, autobiography is based on (1) memory--an element in the construction of meaning in experience--and (2) imagination--the expression of what people believe themselves to have been and to be. Through autobiography, the self is something to be imagined and constructed. (SK)

Beings participating in mutual interrelationships with an environment do not need memories. Instead, they are involved in remembering as part of their continual adaptation within that environment. (PCB)

A study of 150 subjects aged 20-84 found that (1) the encoding strategy used was not characteristic of a given age; (2) elderly subjects reproduced less during encoding and retrieved fewer elements during recall; (3) until 74, there was a relationship between the encoding strategy and performance; (4) after 75, memory problems developed…

Considers how memory contributes to a writer's developing capacity for self-expression. Notes that modern applications of classical memory ("memoria verborum"/natural memory and "memoria rerum"/artificial memory) enable students to generate details that flesh out their texts as well as provide meaning to those texts. (MM)

A study investigated the usefulness of the Fisher Association Lists, a computerized system of word associations, in accessing memories and forming new associations with them. It is concluded that the lists are a general aid to creativity by providing access to all the common associations in our culture. (MSE)

Four experiments investigated children's confusion regarding memories of what they said and what they imagined saying. The ability to distinguish imagined from actually uttered words increased with age, while performance in sentence completion tasks decreased. Metamemory suggestions did not affect elaborations. (SAK)

Patterns of memory dysfunction were determined in 50 middle school learning disabled readers (LD) through a hierarchical cluster analysis. Results were consistent with memory capacity theories of LD and provided external validation for classification of LD readers on psychometric measures according to patterns of memory performance. (Author/DB)

Tests two hypotheses: (1) that cued recall elicits significantly more conversational information than free recall; and (2) that conversational interactants recall more of their partner's utterances than their own. Finds cued recall produced significantly higher amounts of remembering than free recall. (MS)

Dutch adults were divided into 4 groups: (1) 26 who remained worried about dementia after reading a brochure about it; (2) 51 whose worry decreased after reading; (3) 7 who started worrying after reading; and (4) 26 not worried before or after reading. Cognitive test batteries showed the effects of the brochure were not in accordance with its…