Explores the aspects of memory that allow people to remember what they have comprehended from reading. (MKM)

In a model of the functioning of short term memory, the encoding of information for subsequent storage in long term memory is simulated. In the encoding process, semantically equivalent paragraphs are detected for recombination into a macro information unit. (HOD)

After reading stories written in either chronological or flashback sequence, subjects made a decision about the underlying order of occurrence of two events. Results indicate that subjects based their responses on a memory representation, which preserved the input sequence of events. (Author/EJS)

First and fifth graders' incidental free and cued recall were tested after an orienting task in which semantic and acoustic encoding were constrained for different words by requiring the children to answer questions about either the words' meanings or sounds. (Author/JMB)

Two experiments investigate the changes in the accuracy of children's cognitive maps of a large-scale environment that occur as a function of specific and repeated experience. Subjects were 20 boys and girls of three grade levels: kindergarten, second and fifth grades. (MP)

Suggests that difficulty is a parameter of all cognitive tasks. Therefore, a search for the common mechanisms across tasks will lead to understanding of the system rather than understanding of only the paradigms. Uses earlier research by DeRosa and Morin (1967, 1970) in exploring retrieval strategy. (Author/RK)

One version, by Lockhart, Craik, and Jacoby, of a levels-of-processing model of memory asserts the importance of the role of expectancies about forthcoming information in determining the elaborateness of a memory trace. Confirmed expectancies result in less-elaborated memory traces; disconfirmed expectancies result in elaborate memory traces.…

A model dealing with the function of elaboration in word encoding was evaluated using a 2-list recognition procedure that varied encoding time within the presentation list. The model predicted that elaboration, reflected in the incidence of false positives to associates of words presented in the recognition list, would increase as presentation…

This research found storage of information in a short-term memory task to have a detrimental effect upon perceptual processing in a detection task. Additionally, it was determined that the magnitude of the effect was related to the degree of visual similarity, but not acoustic similarity, between the stored information and the perceptual…

Three experiments are described in which the qualitative nature of memorial processing was manipulated at both input (encoding) and output (retrieval). As in earlier research, it was found that retention levels were highest when the same type of information was used as a retrieval cue. Concludes that the notions of encoding specificity and depth…

Two experiments investigated the effects of a prior-cuing procedure on retention after short intervals. Results indicated that both latency of correct recall and category recall are facilitated by a cue statement administered prior to the recall test. Results are also discussed in relation to spreading-activation models of memory processing.…

Organization theory emphasizes groupings of items on the basis of a variety of characteristics, and the role of the learner as an active processor or encoder of information. Research on organization theory as it is applied to memory and recall of prose is reviewed here. (BW)

The Embellishment score on the Memory-For-Designs Test (MFD) may be a useful predictor of confabulation. Male (N=16) patients who were judged by staff to be habitual confabulators embellished their drawings on the MFD twice as frequently as a group of 16 patients of similar age (40-80) and diagnosis judged to be nonconfabulators. (Author)

Examined the effect of monetary incentives on word list memory. Subjects were 72 children from grades 4, 6, and 8. (BD)

Although Tzeng (1973) and Bjork and Whitten (1974) have obtained positive recency effects in free recall using a procedure designed to eliminate any component of short-term storage, their procedures may not have truly cleared short-term storage. This experiment attempts to find whether positive recency would be obtained in a situation without any…