Results of three studies involving Down syndrome students suggested that the auditory-visual recall difference evidenced by nonretarded but not by retarded Ss may have been due to the differential use of information in echoic memory. (Author)

The fact that a significant amount of release from proactive interference was obtained with subjects in this study by shifting between differentially arousing categories of words suggested that rated word arousal is an encoding dimension in short-term memory. (CM)

Describes an experiment which studied conceptual memory structures resulting from learning in a typical, introductory psychology course. Twenty-three psychology undergraduates and 20 psychology graduate students judged how closely connected paired statements of personality theories were. Results showed that multidimensional scaling analysis was…

Since the priming effects described in this article were independent of episodic memory, and since there were problems with their interpretation in terms of modifications of semantic memory, it is felt that they reflect the operation of some other, as yet little understood, memory system. (Author/PN)

Discusses the cognitive processes involved in constructing linear orderings from pairwise relationships of information items. Examines the effects that sentence types used in presenting information have on these processes, and tests two models designed to clarify the acquisition of spatial knowledge and the processing of locative and comparative…

In the study, 44 learning disabled (LD) and 44 average students (four to nine years old) labelled objects and pictures, recalled their own language labels, and relabelled common objects. Students with learning disabilities were found to be qualitatively rather than quantitatively different from controls in language and memory. (Author)

Memory for discourse by older adults was examined by comparing their performance with that of younger subjects on a text recognition task. Results showed that the old were better at detecting lexical substitutions than subject-object reversals, suggesting that the old retain lexical items better than the relations between them. (FL)

Kinsbourne's attentional model of hemisphere differences is reviewed, and some difficulties inherent in this model are described. Although others have succeeded in identifying some factors that govern effects of selective activation, effects of general activation are uncertain, so the overall outcome of concurrent memory loading is still difficult…

Cluster analysis, applied to Carroll's cognitive theory, indicates that the obtained clusters make intuitive sense and imply that taxonomy is possible. Moreover, some clusters are similar to those suggested by other theories, especially the theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence. (Author/CP)

A general theory of retrieval from long-term memory which combines features of associative network models and random search models is presented. It posits cue-dependent probabilistic sampling and recovery from an associative network, but the network is specified as a retrieval structure rather than a storage structure. (Author/JKS)

Performance of mildly mentally retarded and nonretarded persons was compared in two experiments designed to identify processes of auditory sensory memory. A theoretical model was proposed to incorporate the current pattern of results. (Author)

Examines psychological studies on memory and learning for what they reveal about human categorizing processes and the organizing principles and limitations of human memory. Findings suggest considerations for the design of information systems that would take conceptual organization of knowledge into account. (FM)

Tests the appropriateness of the levels-of-processing model for hearing impaired children on a recognition memory task. Subjects were 89 children ranging in age from 6 years to 12 years. (MP)

This study was designed to investigate the effect of intonation on the auditory sequential memory spans of children normal in language development and those with delay. Analysis indicated that intonation as a cue did not facilitate recall of monosyllabic nouns presented in sequences of two, three, four, and five words. (Author)

Mildly retarded, equal MA, and equal CA individuals (total N=30) viewed tachistoscopic presentations of single element displays under a backward visual masking paradigm. The data revealed that, under minimal load conditions, the internal cue-selection component of selective attention for mildly retarded Ss is comparable to that of the nonretarded…