Discusses the historical foundations of memory and knowledge systems in sixteenth-century Europe and offers insights into the current situation and where our knowledge systems are bound. The development of hypersystems and a new approach to research librarianship are considered. (13 references) (MES)

In first of 2 experiments, an early negative component of 400 4 to 6 year olds distinguished between happy and angry expressions. A later positive component distinguished between target and nontarget events. Both components were observed in a second experiment. Results are discussed in the context of children's allocation of attentional and memory…

Investigated children's causal-explanatory conceptions of the workings of a labeling strategy. The 72 children of four-six years showed two types of conceptions, both of which increased with age. (RJC)

Reyna and Brainerd supplement arguments they made previously in this issue by advancing five additional reasons for preferring output-interference explanations over the resources hypothesis. (RH)

Notes that some demented elderly people can still recall emotionally subjective past. Outlines case study that illustrates how emotional autobiographical memories of past events can be stimulated through individual use of reminiscence and counseling skills. Suggests that there are possible therapeutic effects attached to this approach and that…

Found that faulty test procedures may explain why infants sometimes locate hidden objects more easily in multiple-well tests than in two-well trials. Also found that errors in seven-well tests were not evenly distributed but occurred disproportionately in the direction of the previously correct well, suggesting that memory and inhibition are both…

Technology can extend human memory and improve performance, but bypassing human intelligence has its dangers. Cognitive apprenticeships that compress learning experiences, provide coaching, and allow trial and error can build complex problem-solving skills and develop expertise. (SK)

Participants in an intergenerational school volunteer program (26 adults over 60) completed memory instruments at 3 time periods. The effect of program participating on actual and perceived memory function varied with age and educational level. Dramatic positive mood changes were noted for those over 70 and those who were college educated. (SK)

This introduction reviews recent trends in childhood memory research, focusing on closer relations between the study of memory development and the study of cognitive and neurological development, new relations between the study of memory development and the study of adult memory, and new relations between the study of memory development and…

Memory for object motion in three-month-old infants was investigated across different time intervals in three studies using a novelty preference method. Results indicated a significant preference for the novel motion after a one-minute delay, a significant preference for the familiar motion after a one-month delay, and no preferences at the…

Two studies examined three- and five-year-old children's and adults' explicit and implicit memory for pictures, using measures of recognition memory and perceptual facilitation. Found that recognition memory and perceptual facilitation were related for adults but not for children at either age. (MDM)

The Metamemory in Adulthood Questionnaire, Memory Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, and measures of depression and health status were completed by 169 adults over 55 in Texas and Louisiana. External memory strategies (lists, notes) were used more often than internal (elaboration, rehearsal). Memory efficacy decreased significantly with age, and anxiety…

A study of intercorrelations and long-term stabilities of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised, Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised, and Auditory-Verbal Learning Test indexes for 300 older adults challenges assumptions that for cognitively normal people, performance in one cognitive domain correlates well with others and that cognition is stable.…

Examined influence of cardiovascular fitness on age-related declines in cognitive performance among 13 young adults, 22 middle-aged adults, and 13 older adults. Age-related performance declines were observed for free-recall task, but no such age-dependent association was observed for frequency and location memory. Other data suggest that…

S. Glucksberg and B. Keysar's (1990) class-inclusion view of metaphor understanding does not properly acknowledge metaphor's role in everyday cognition. Metaphor is a powerful scheme in long-term memory by which people make sense of their experiences. Evidence supports tacit conceptual metaphor's role in comprehension of verbal metaphors in…