Finds that undergraduate viewers' schemata can categorize news reenactments as real despite accompanying advisories to the contrary. Finds that visual advisories are more effective than auditory advisories in helping viewers remember reenactments as reenactments, and suggests using distinctive video to draw attention to simulation advisories. (SR)

Explores aspects of autobiographical accounts of childhood. Considers Freudian explanations of how recollections of childhood are bound by memory; then describes the distinctive form of definitions of oneself-as-child and relates them to post-modern theories about the self. Discusses ways in which recollections of childhood are framed by the…

The construct-related validity of the Tower of London-Drexel (TOL-DX), a measure of executive functioning (W. Culbertson and A. Zillmer, 1995) was studied with 129 children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Results show that the TOL-DX loads prominently on an Executive Planning/Inhibition factor while separating for factors…

Uses a poststructuralist and postmodernist critique, anchored in Foucault's work, to inform a critical ethnography, contending that one way to open up more room for critical and imaginative dialog about fairness, decency, and respect is to encourage the play of memory in ethnographic text. The paper demonstrates the utility of memoirs as a useful…

A script depicting a forgetful young or older person was read by 90 young and 73 older adults. Earlier, one-third read an article about memory declines and aging, one-third read about memory staying constant, and one-third read no articles. Younger subjects who read the decline article attributed memory failures to lack of ability in older…

One hundred Canadian undergraduates read a lengthy expository text, used one of five study strategies for 50 minutes, and completed recall and multiple-choice tests. Students using self-study, repetition, or unsupported elaborative interrogation had difficulty recognizing the passage's main ideas. Elaborative interrogation's effectiveness was…

Focuses on the role of cognitive structures in the reader's knowledge. Argues that causality is an important category in structuring human knowledge and that this property has consequences for text processing. Discusses research illustrating that the more the information in the text reflects causal categories, the more easily the information is…

The experience of grieving the loss of a spouse varies with many factors. Models of the mourning process are reviewed. The roles of thought and memory in the survivor's attempts to move into a new life and identity are discussed. Argues for the inappropriateness of establishing expectations for the nature and duration of grief. (EMK)

Private speech was studied in preschool-age children to determine how widely and with what characteristics it occurs when examined in the familiar home setting. Activities were selected that required several steps and that were intended to engage working memory or longer-term recall. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted on the…

Examined continuity in attachment classification from infancy through adolescence and related it to autobiographical memories of childhood, divorce, and maladjustment in white middle-class children. Found no continuity in attachment classification from 1 to 18 years and no relation between infant attachment status and adolescent adjustment.…

Two experiments involving two sets of actions using two stimuli sets examined deferred imitation to trace changes in memory retrieval by 18- to 30-month-olds. Results indicated that target action recall with different stimuli increased as a function of age, particularly after a delay. A unique verbal label facilitated 24-month-olds' performance…

Studied the reliability of implicit and explicit memory tests in experiments involving these tests. Results with 168, 84, 120, and 128 undergraduates show that methodological artifacts may cause implicit memory tests to have lower reliability than explicit memory tests, but that implicit tests need not necessarily be less reliable. (SLD)

Investigated children's representational ability as a cognitive factor underlying the suggestibility of their eyewitness memory. Found that the eyewitness memory of children lacking multirepresentational abilities or sufficient general memory abilities (most 3- and 4-year-olds) was less accurate than eyewitness memory of those with…

A series of five integrated experiments with 155 subjects to determine validity of the TOMM showed that scores on the TOMM are able to detect when an individual is not putting forth maximum effort. TOMM's high levels of sensitivity and specificity suggest that it has high promise as a clinical test for detecting malingering of memory impairments.…

Examining self-reported verbal protocols and online measures of spelling latencies for 93 elementary school students showed that children seem to use a relatively sequential read-out from long-term memory when directly retrieving a spelling, but they use a consonant pair strategy for final consonant clusters when spelling out a word. (SLD)