The major question of interest in the present investigation was whether or not a UCS is more effectively represented in STM when its occurrence is relatively surprising as opposed to expected. (Author)

Presents an investigation of the hypothesis that specific reading disability is attributable to inadequate visual memory. A total of 126 subjects, ages 7-14, who were asked to demonstrate retention of randomly arranged Hebrew letters on three separate occasions, provided no evidence that deficient visual memory is a likely source of reading…

A study of the effects of three types of conservation judgments (qualitative, quantitative, and equivalence) on both continuous and discontinuous substances in 24, 4-, 5-, and 6-year-olds. Subjects were tested on conservation ability with and without verbal justification. Half of the subjects were provided a memory aid, the other half were not.…

A network model of logical and semantic structures from which speakers or writers generate linguistic messages at the discourse level is presented. (Author)

Ambiguous pictures that could be seen as faces or as meaningless patterns were the stimuli in two recognition-memory experiments. Recognition was far more accurate when the stimuli were seen as faces. (Editor)

Research supported in part by a grant from the University Research Board, University of Illinois, and in part by Grant OEG-1-070028-5239 from the U.S. Office of Education, Bureau of Research.

Two additional studies in long-term sentence memory were conducted to determine if certain critical relationships predicted by a cognitive model of test anxiety could be strengthened. Using the same sentence materials combined with different procedures, reliable test anxiety - memory relationships were generated by not constraining the initial…

Some of the issues associated with the lack of a precisely stated theory of memory organization are considered. The first section provides an overview of the concept of organization. Emphasis is on problems associated with the definition of organization, especially the distinction between organization as a process and as the product of a process.…

The study investigated the ability of 80 mildly mentally retarded students (19 to 17 years old) to make accurate judgments of textual idea importance and to differentially and spontaneously remember important rather than unimportant ideas. Ss were assigned to one of six conditions which differed as a function of whether importance judgments were…

THE EFFECTS OF FAMILIARITY ON THE PROCESSING OF STIMULUS AND MEMORIAL INFORMATION WERE INVESTIGATED IN TWO TASKS--ONE WHICH SUPPOSEDLY REQUIRED ONLY THE PERCEPTUAL RECOGNITION OF EACH STIMULUS WORD (E TASK) AND ONE WHICH REQUIRED A MEANINGFUL CATEGORIZATION OF EACH STIMULUS WORD (C TASK). FIFTY UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN UNDERGRADUATES WHO WERE PAID…

A study was conducted to determine if there was a relationship between the cognitive styles of learners and their ability to correctly identify previously seen pictorial materials presented in color or black and white. Fifty-three third and fourth grade students from the Pittsburgh Public School System served as subjects for the study. Testing…

The levels of processing framework for understanding memory development has generated little empirical or theoretical work that furthers an understanding of the developmental memory system. Although empirical studies by those testing the levels of processing framework have demonstrated that mnemonic strategies employed by children are the critical…