A reevaluation of a number of experiments suggests that normal and retarded persons differ on short-term memory tasks from the time of initial stimulus exposure. The hypothesis that memory differences are due to differential encoding as a result of more adequate rehearsal by the normal subjects is unacceptable. (Author/BW)

Human visual recognition on the basis of shape but regardless of size was investigated by reaction time methods. Results suggested two processes of size scaling: mental-image transformation and perceptual-scale transformation. Image transformation accounted for matching performance based on visual short-term memory, whereas scale transformation…

Examines the belief that age differences in memory are due primarily to input processes and secondarily, if at all, to retention processes. Examines this assumption by utilizing a test-retest paradigm with varying rehearsal conditions. Subjects were first- and second-grade children and college students. (BD)

Some of the major assumptions and premises of Arthur Jensen's theory of Level I and Level II cognitive abilities are examined using a model of cognitive abilities recently proposed by Das, Kirby & Jarman (1975) and known as simultaneous and successive syntheses. Four areas are discussed: quantity versus type of information processing, internal…

Subjects differing in cognitive complexity formed impressions from either (1) three positive and three negative experimenter-selected traits; (2) three traits of each evaluation generated by the subject in a preliminary session; or (3) three experimenter-selected traits of one valence and three subject-generated traits of the opposite valence.…

Presents two experiments which examine fifth-grade children's memory for stereotypic and reverse stereotypic and sex role content in their reading material. (Author/JMB)

Spanish-English bilinguals were tested for the speed with which they could recognize a word in one language as a member of a previously presented set of words in either language. Reaction time increased with the size of the presented set of words. Investigates the "translation effect" and its influence on information processing. (Editor/RK)

Recent laboratory work on the recall of pictures has produced a pattern suggesting that memory for certain classes of stimuli may be hypermnesiac rather than amnesiac (Ebbinghaus, 1885/1964), increasing over time and recall attempts. This research tries to determine the magnitude of memory growth over significant time intervals, e.g., a week…

In an attempt to assess the validity of the distinction between episodic and semantic memory, this research examined the influence of two variables on sentence verification (presumably a semantic memory task) and sentence recognition (presumably an episodic memory task). ( Editor)

A perspective, based on an elaboration of Underwood's (1969) attributes model of memory, is advanced which proposes that for all types of information both detailed and thematic attributes are stored. Two experiments using prose passages as stimulus materials test this proposal. (Editor/RK)

A Markov model was proposed to account for the short-term retention of the spatial arrangement of letters. The model was fit to three spatial location recall conditions in experiments which differed in distractor task. The rate of information transfer from primary to secondary memory was affected by changes in distractor task. (SW)

Minimizing memory deficits involves using cues; establishing learning conditions that reduce interference and result in adequate time to respond; and using advance organizers. Minimizing noncognitive factors affecting learning involves using the discovery method of teaching; reducing anxiety; and limiting the use of evaluation. (Author)

Nineteen normal male subjects received one milligram of physotigmine or one milligram of saline by slow intravenous infusion on two nonconsecutive days. Physostigmine significantly enhanced storage of information into long-term memory. Retrieval of information from long-term memory was improved. Short-term memory processes were not significantly…