Describes three experiments designed to determine whether grapheme-to-phoneme rules are automatically applied when a word pattern is encoded. Concludes that grapheme-to-phoneme translation is a natural response to written words, at least when naming is required, and that mediation by visual mechanisms can be ruled out. (Author/MES)

Effects of target-noise similarity on the ability to discriminate between two target letters were investigated. Performance was low when the noise letter shared the same name as the target. Thus, interletter interference effects cannot be explained in terms of inhibition between visual features. A "cognitive masking" hypothesis is proposed.…

This case study reviews a remediation program developed for a hyperkinetic school child. An important element of the program is the verbal portion of the therapist-student interaction. This consists of training in physical skills, encouragement, challenges, and conditioning the hand and verbal signals. (Author/AL)

Sixty-four 3- and 4-year-olds were asked to identify another's view of a spatial array either verbally or by picture selection. Results indicate that verbalization leads to substantially more correct responses. Girls' performance was significantly better than boys' performance across both response modes. (Author/DB)

A new model is proposed for explaining children's performance on Pascual-Leone's test of M-space. The new model is used to generate theoretical performance curves for children at four different age levels and seven different levels of stimulus complexity, and it is a viable alternative. Differences between the models are reviewed. (Author/RD)

In four experiments, evidence was found for a complex psychological representation of musical pitch. The perception of music depends not only on psychoacoustic properties of the tones, but also on processes that relate the tones to one another through contact with a well-defined and complex psychological representation of musical pitch. (Author/RD)

Techniques that can be used to make the lecture method of teaching more effective include using pictures or objects to facilitate memory, using guided fantasies to stimulate students' imagination of processes, and the suggestopedia method for memorizing facts, principles, and vocabulary. (MSE)

Results of a choice reaction time study indicated that nine mildly retarded junior high students appeared to be less sensitive than nonretarded controls to stimulus probabiity information, particularly under degraded stimulus conditions. (Author)

A one-way analysis of variance was used to assess the effects of imposed (picture) and induced (play) imagery on the aural language comprehension of 80 kindergarten children who were randomly assigned to two treatment and two control conditions. No significant differences in recall were found. (Author/JD)

Pictorial contents of biology textbooks are examined as factors to be considered in assessing textbook readability. Includes data indicating that effect of color upon the observations and interpretations of photographs varies with the child's ability. Implications for textbook selection procedures are discussed. (CS)

Twelve male subjects were divided into three groups (model-plus-reinforcement (MR), model-only, and control) to determine if the presence of a verbalizing model to 35mm slides would elicit increased speech. Verbalization increased over treatments, especially in the MR group. Generalization to the word occurred in only three subjects. (Author/SJL)

Describes electroreceptivity in fishes, including information on electric signals in water, electroreceptors, electric organs, electric sense in weak-electric fishes, electrolocation, electrocommunication, and evolutionary considerations. (CS)

Three self-stimulating behaviors of a 6-year-old autistic boy were brought under S-delta stimulus control (a type of discriminative stimulus in the presence of which a given response is punished). (Author/DLS)

Subjects with eidetic imagery showed significantly more accurate recall of the stimulus pictures thereby supporting the importance of eidetic imagery as an early mnemonic system. (Author/DB)

Nearly twice the amount of variance in complexity scores accounted for by 17 antecedent variables was associated with Black rather than White subjects. The findings were truer of Black males. Independent variables were most strongly correlated with complexity scores for Black females. (Author)