This paper focuses on a study which replicates and extends earlier work employing a recognition memory paradigm to investigate children's memory and developmental changes in dominant word associations. On the recognition test the implicit associative response can lead to better memory for the original items (this is the hit rate), and it can also…

After receiving a sample shock, subjects in a Threat Condition were told that they would receive additional painful shocks while subjects in a Nonthreat Condition were not threatened with additional shocks. Subjects in an Avoidant Thinking Condition were then instructed to read and think about an amusing story, subjects in a Situation Redefinition…

The separate and comparative effectiveness of two procedures, remote auditory prompting (RAP) and videotape self-monitoring (VSM), for training 14 adult aides to use behavior modification with institutionalized retarded children were examined. A two-group, multiple baseline design with baseline, training, and followup phases was employed with…

Two important processes in the acquisition of visually presented information are the ability to maintain discrete perceptual events as separate in time and the ability to abstract information from brief exposures. Five phenomena were measured which appear to reflect these abilities. Critical Flicker Frequency (CFF) is the intermittency rate at…

This study extends some recently acquired knowledge about the development of visual imagery as an associative-learning strategy. Incorporating the present findings into the data already gathered, it appears that as a facilitator, sentence production precedes imagery generation since preoperational children benefit from instructions to engage in…

Contained is a review of the research done on the use of verbal rewards in the classroom. Some verbal rewards are tasks rewards, other rewards are more personal; and still other verbal rewards are impersonal. Verbal rewards, therefore, have both intellectual and emotional implications. Research literature indicates that "verbal reward"…

To study the feasibility of using filtered environmental sounds as test stimuli to determine the auditory sensitivity of young children, a tape recorded test was prepared using environmental sounds which retain their identity when filtered. Twenty normal-hearing preschoolers and 40 hearing impaired children (20 with flat sensori-neural hearing…

This study investigated decision behavior exhibited by elementary school aged children in a laboratory decision task. An effort was made to separate 247 children into "auditory" and "visual" subjects on the basis of their performance on two immediate memory sub-tests from the revised (1968) ITPA. Since the correlation for the Visual test did not…

The Picture Interpretation Test (Torrance and Grossman, 1967) was used in a battery of creative tests as part of a construct validity test. The test was administered to 46 boys and 37 girls in five first grade classrooms in a Clayton County, Georgia, elementary school. The purpose of the test was to measure the child's ability to "read a…

To ascertain some diagnostic functions of conjugate reinforcement, narrative stimuli, music or stories, were continuously provided the subjects contingent upon their responding. Thus, data relevant to the processes of listening, discrimination, and preference were continuously provided throughout five studies. The majority of the subjects were…

The purpose of this study was to investigate both the relationship between verbalization and shift-learning and the possible prepotent stimulus dimensions of the eighty-four 7-year-olds used as subjects. Four pairs of two-dimensional stimuli were presented to the children, for the discrimination learning task, in the following order: large black,…

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the various techniques used to estimate the time required by the human to process a visual stimuli, i.e., recognize a stimulus input into the visual perceptual system. Sixteen tests of visual processing speed were administered to 110 undergraduate students. In summary, scores tended…

A computer-based Eye-Movement Controlled Display System was developed for the study of perceptual processes in reading. Studies were conducted to identify the region from which skilled readers pick up various types of visual information during a fixation while reading. The results indicated that the subjects acquired word length pattern…

This study evaluated the effects of individual differences in attitudes toward sex roles on the learning of neutral material associated with situations differing in rated sex-role appropriateness. It was hypothesized that if sexism is a valid dimension as measured in this study, then "sexists" would learn nonsense syllables associated with scenes…

Several working assumptions regarding black reading behavior and alternative contexts for black reading research are presented in this paper along with an attempt to seek the fundamental bases of perception, that is, reading knowledge in the folk wisdom of people. The paper also discusses the influence of cultural and environmental factors on the…