Investigated the differential effect of two kinds of behavior simulation (role-playing) interventions: spontaneous and mimetic-pretend, on the readiness and the responsibility attributions associated with delivering electric shocks to others (N=25). Results showed that the spontaneous subjects were more ego-oriented and inhibited in administering…

Verbal contextual information affected photography and nonphotography students' performance on semantic retention tests. For example, correct titles aided the formation and retention of accurate memories, while erroneous titles misled students into remembering meanings that had relatively little to do with what was actually pictured in the…

Children (n=36), originally tested for visual novelty preferences at age seven months and intelligence estimates at age three, were tested for intellectual functioning and for visual recognition performance at age five. Results indicate that novelty preferences were more highly related to later intelligence quotients than to later recognition…

Infant novelty scores correlated significantly with measures of cognitive outcome beginning at 24 months of age and continuing at 34, 40, and 72 months of age. Parental education was strongly correlated with cognitive outcome beginning at about two years of age. (RH)

In a study of elementary children required to read factual or fictitious passages with or without relevant pictures, recall performance revealed a pictorial facilitation effect which differed according to passage type. Pictures with story passages enhanced recall of illustrated text while pictures with factual passages enhanced illustrated and…

Argues that the real problem in English education has nothing to do with its definitional scheme; instead the crisis is how to discriminate among practices that may be offered in the name of such a scheme. (HOD)

To examine changes in phonetic coding two age groups of 40 preschoolers were shown rhyming and nonrhyming letter sets. Recall was measured by oral free recall (testing item memory) and serial reconstruction (testing order memory). A large phonetic similarity effect was present in both groups with no developmental changes in the effect magnitude.…

Describes an automated microcomputer system that can present precise stimuli and record accurate responses and discusses its use in studying and training retarded and psychotic children. It is noted that training procedures that require the children to utilize visual, auditory, and bimodal stimuli can be automated with the system. (MBR)

Examined the relationship between responsiveness to auditory novelty in full-term and preterm infants and subsequent intellectual performance at five years of age. Results suggest that measures of early perceptual-memory development may reflect early cognitive processes necessary for later intellectual performance. (Author/RH)

The relationship between psychometric intelligence and rapid acoustic information processing was explored in two experiments using college students. Group differences occurred in threshold interstimulus intervals required for recognition and in speed. Results were interpreted as indicating better information processing efficiency (higher…

The purpose of this study was to test the principle of modality by using audio to deliver verbal information when that information is designed to support non-verbal information such as animations in a computer-based lesson. This was done by comparing the effect of two types of audio support mechanisms- a simple support mechanism consisting of…

The purpose of the experiments reported in the present paper was to explore further the characteristics and duration of representational persistence, using the word recognition paradigm of Shepard and Teghtsoonian (1961). (Author)

The present research is concerned with preference for visual (polygon) complexity versus simplicity in relation to national membership, using adult subjects from five nations (cultures) four groups of which were temporarily resident in the U.S.A. (Author)

From collective improvisation in Afro-American music arose liberated improvisations designed to exhibit personal virtuosity. But that was all that changed; spontaneity and personal sound remained the most interesting components of the music. (Author/RJ)