Three punishment procedures--contingent applications of water mist, lemon juice, and vinegar--were evaluated as aversive treatment methods for a self-stimulatory behavior exhibited by a severely retarded 11-year-old male. The water mist procedure was as effective as lemon juice or vinegar, presented less physical threat to the client, and was…

Social mastery motivation in 11 Down syndrome (DS) and nondelayed infants was observed during social tasks that encouraged socially motivated behaviors and object-play tasks that did not. During object play, DS infants' object-directed behaviors were not appreciably lower, while social behaviors were. During social tasks, no significant difference…

Two short (20-second and 60-second) overcorrection procedures were effective in suppressing stereotypic behaviors of a 7- and a 12-year-old autistic student. (CL)

The Personal Competence Profile was administered to 30 male adults with Down syndrome and 30 without Down syndrome matched on age, IQ, and years of instituionalization. Down syndrome subjects rated higher on attention, calmness, and niceness but lower on sensation, language, and boldness. (Author/CL)

Three studies were undertaken to examine ways in which profoundly disabled infants and children interact with the environment. Findings suggested that the Ss were active responders and processors of environmental stimuli and that automated equipment under their control was highly motivating for them. (CL)

Suggests that the learning of sex roles is based on a bipolar dichotomy of gender-appropriate behaviors. Response alternatives are discussed including the single polarity, bipolar acceptance, and integration of polarities. Contends that integration is essential for growth. (JAC)

Explores the transference phenomenon and five of its manifestations in the counseling situation, including perceptions of the counselor as: (1) ideal, (2) seer, (3) nurturer, (4) frustrator, and (5) nonentity. Proposes methods for managing clients' transference behaviors. (LLL)

Discusses video games as an emerging addiction among students. Describes the appeal of the games, their impact on students, and measures passed in some cities to curb adolescent involvement. Counselors must be prepared to anticipate and ameliorate potentially negative side effects. (JAC)

Suggests a framework for structured observation using a psychosocial approach to describe work styles, differences in performance, and outcomes of behavior patterns. (JW)

This analysis of choice of Thematic Apperception Test cards administered to psychiatric patients showed that interns did administer more sexual-romantic cards to female than to male patients; staff psychologists did not. Sample size does not justify a conclusion that a genuine difference exists between staff psychologists and interns. (Author)

Essay probes the transformations of aggression into leadership. (Author)

A model of achievement behavior incorporates the findings that attributions to ability and task were associated with high expectancies following success and low expectancies following failure, and that attributions to effort and luck were associated with low expectancies following success and high expectancies following failure. (Author/KM)

This study investigated the relationship between client motivation or lack of motivation for rehabilitation services and rehabilitation counseling outcome. Using the case-closure system of the Minnesota Division of Vocational Rehabilitation, the results were that motivated clients were more frequently closed employed'' than unmotivated clients.…

Results provide additional support for the idea that the psychotherapy process can be facilitated by structuring of the interview situation for the client. (Author)