Examines the relationship between self-instructions and subsequent instruction-following performance of 7- and 8-year-old children as a function of previous reinforcement for rule-breaking or rule-following. (BD)

Procedures used in empathy-helping studies suggest results may be due to demand characteristics. Two studies were run to investigate especially the mood induction process. One reproduced the Aderman-Berkowitz main mood effects. Another showed that after seeing a help-non-help incident, mood effects were demonstrated only when Ss knew the research…

Sixteen elementary school children were administered an auditory and visual vigilance task and their performance related to their off-task behavior in the classroom. In addition, the relationship of vigilance performance to teacher ratings of the children's behavior and to reading achievement scores was also assessed. (JB)

It is suggested that empathy raters be encouraged to accept the tough intellectual challenge of rating empathy inductively, since only then can the scale accurately reflect the counseling transaction. (EV)

The classroom behavior of 15 learning disabled (LD) third and fourth grade boys was compared to that of 15 matched normal Ss to determine differences in behavioral style and to examine LD Ss' behavior in different classroom environments. (Author/CL)

A review of play in nonhuman animals indicates that play increases with phylogenetic status, is important for mature social development in more advanced species, reflects intentional activity, and is essential for the development of tool-using strategies. (Author)

Analysis of a survey of senior high school students revealed significant differences between males and females, and between athletes and non-athletes in their attitudes and behaviors toward alcohol and drinking behavior. (MJB)

Teachers are advised to react constructively to class jokers by understanding that the student may be a gifted-talented person seeking attention or peer acceptance. (CL)

A sample of 40 babies was observed in a variety of mildly challenging situations throughout their second year and in a series of follow-up assessments at age 31/2. Findings revealed two types of avoidant mechanism--wariness of the unfamiliar and fearfulness after exposure to a mildly difficult situation. (JMB)

Facial expressions used by children defending their possession of a disputed object were studied in 72 pairs of kindergarten children. Results showed a relationship between the facial expressions a child used and both his own subsequent behavior and that of his partner. (Author/JMB)

Found that increasing generation level was associated with decreasing frequency of altruism/group-enhancenment and equality choices and increasing frequency of rivalry/superiority choices, supporting an acculturation to the majority rather than acculturation to the barrio model. (Author/AM)

This paper examines the informal consensus that psychological dysfunction, manifested by suicide and divorce, is unusually high among the occupational group of police officers. Results indicate that those officers studied may, in fact, have lower psychological dysfunction rates than presumed. (Author)

Data are presented on teachers' general patterns of physical and verbal behavior as observed in a Chicago teacher center. (GW)