Self-disclosure may be viewed through the framework of the role-taking processes by which we come to know ourselves and to be known to others. Because individuals ground utterances contextually, in anticipation of another's responses and according to the prescriptions of the situation itself, self-disclosure is more likely to be flexibly scripted…

The role of the spouse in both the etiology and the maintenance of alcoholism has been focussed on by theoreticians of various persuasions, including psychoanalytic, behavioral, sociological and family systems. These models, focussing on individual and interactional components of alcoholism, have generated a variety of treatment interventions…

Research has documented two behavior patterns known as Type A and Type B. Type A behavior is characterized by competitive striving, a sense of urgency, and hostility, while Type B behavior is less aggressive and more relaxed. It has been theorized that individuals exhibiting Type A behavior have a strong need to maintain control over their…

Three studies investigating the behavior of nonhandicapped people in the presence of handicapped individuals and a possible tactic for reducing the nonhandicapped individual's discomfort are reported. In Studies One and Two, nonhandicapped Ss watched two videotapes of paraplegics in wheelchairs being interviewed. Each S then chose the handicapped…

This study designed to measure the audience appeal and teaching effectiveness of television programming in the Sesame Street format for Swedish children was conducted in a nursery school setting. A Swedish pilot program, SESAM, based half on American material, was shown to a total of 79 children between the ages of 4 and 6, and the effects were…

MEMBERS OF THE DOMINANT SOCIETY IN THE UNITED STATES, BOTH SOCIAL SCIENTISTS AND LAYMEN, PERCEIVE THE POOR IN WAYS WHICH ALLOW THEM TO RESOLVE THE ANXIETY THEY EXPERIENCE WHEN THEY RECOGNIZE THAT THE POOR LIVE A LIFE WHICH IS OSTENSIBLY UNLIVABLE. ONE MODE OF PERCEPTION, WHICH UNDERLIES SEEMINGLY SOPHISTICATED VIEWS, AND IS FOUND IN THE ATTITUDE…

THIS COLLECTION OF PAPERS CONSTITUTES THE FINAL REPORT OF A PROJECT DEVOTED TO AN ANALYSIS OF THE BEHAVIORAL PROCESSES UNDERLYING PROGRAMED INSTRUCTION. THE PAPERS ARE GROUPED UNDER THREE HEADINGS--(1) "PROGRAMING RESEARCH," (2) "BASIC SKILLS--RATIONALE AND PROCEDURE," AND (3) "BASIC SKILLS--SPECIFIC SKILLS." THE…

Three experiments examined the influence of videotaped classroom events on the classroom performance and study behavior of groups of 17 reading disabled and 17 normally reading elementary school children (ages 7 to 12). In the first two experiments the presentation was experimenter controlled, and the distractors resulted in poorer performance in…

This book attempts to shed light on the seemingly contradictory aspects of Japanese behavior. Separate chapters, grounded in interaction-oriented social scientific theory, focus on the themes of social relativism, belongingness, empathy, dependency, occupying the proper place, reciprocity, situational interaction, early socialization, selfhood,…

In this study of early peer interaction, 32 first born infants (16 boys, 16 girls) were videotaped in pairs at 6, 9 and 12 months. Each 15 minute session consisted of Toys Present (TP) and Toys Absent(TA) conditions counterbalanced across dyads. Three questions were addressed: (1) Are infants as young as 6 months capable of interacting with a…

FOUR SENSITIVITY TRAINING GROUPS AND ONE CONTROL GROUP WERE STUDIED TO DISCOVER IF ANY LASTING CHANGES IN SELF PERCEPTION OCCURRED AS A RESULT OF PARTICIPATION IN A FIVE-DAY SENSITIVITY TRAINING LABORATORY. THE EXPERIMENTAL SUBJECTS DESCRIBED THEMSELVES WITH A FORCED-CHOICE INVENTORY IMMEDIATELY BEFORE TRAINING, IMMEDIATELY AFTER TRAINING, AND SIX…

Variations and implications of change agents' patterns or styles of interaction with client systems (individuals, groups, or multigroups) are discussed. Five styles are defined: (1) the instructor, who imparts information to clients and interacts only with his agency; (2) the paterfamilias, who exercises personal, paternalistic influence and…

Ten boys and 16 girls from two Head Start schools in Massachusetts were administered two projective measures of aggression. A third measure was obtained from teacher rankings of behavior based on classroom conduct. For the projective measures, each child was asked to respond to three social situations as depicted by dolls and drawings. The child…

This study sought to assess work values of school teachers through a 45-item, modified paired-comparison schedule, the Teacher Preference Audit, which was administered to 192 teachers in 4 middle-class, suburban high schools. Factor analysis of the data yielded 5 bipolar dimensions which accounted for 27.6% of total variance among all items.…