Marascuilo and Levin's (1970) notion of Type IV errors is extended, with respect to the interpretation of interactions in analysis of variance (ANOVA) designs. To help clarity what an interaction is and what it is not, in terms of the ANOVA model, the following points are made: (i) interactions should be thought of as linear contrasts involving…

This is the third in a series of investigations, conducted at five-year intervals, into the testing programs of Michigan school districts. The report opens with general data on testing programs and practices in the form of a tabulation of responses to a survey instrument completed by 84% of the districts that operate a K-12 program. A more…

Conducted in 1965 by the Wisconsin Department of Public Welfare, this study sought to (1) bring about a better understanding of the school dropout, (2) determine major dropout causes, and (3) identify difficulties and achievements of dropouts in the Lakeland Union High School, Wisconsin. Utilizing a control group of 100 students selected on the…

The Northeast Educational Research Association (NERA) hosted 10 sessions in November 1970. Papers presented at Session 1 dealt with special education (mentally retarded children, intelligence tests and figure orientation). Session 2 highlighted reading (initial teaching alphabet, Frostig subprograms on perception and the disadvantaged in regard to…

An attempt is made to indicate why the concept of "true score" naturally leads to the belief that test validity must increase with an increase in test and/or average item reliability, and why this is correct for the classical single-factor model first introduced by Spearman. The statistical model used by Loevinger is introduced to…

This paper describes the development of a criterion-referenced test. The Prescriptive Mathematics Inventory (PMI) was developed to measure 400 stated behavioral objectives. The test consists of three overlapping levels with the objectives chosen to cover 90 to 95 per cent of the mathematics curriculum nominally taught in grades 4 through 8. Each…

These rating scales are intended for evaluation of student pilot performance. Each student is evaluated individually on the basis of video recordings of the student in flight. Ten point rating lines are used for the ten criterion performance elements of each of three maneuvers, (1) Final Turn to Landing, (2) Lazy Eight, and (3) Vertical S "A".…

Twenty variables comprising the subtests of the Frostig, Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Ability, Appalachia Preschool Test and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test raw score were factor analyzed by a principal component solution and an orthogonal rotation of the factor matrix. Although the different subtests were designed to measure specific…

Three addresses from the Michigan School Testing Conference, "Curricular Accountability Through Testing" (Ted Ward); "The Role of State Testing in Curriculum Evaluation" (C. Philip Kearney); and "The Role of the Counselor in Curriculum Evaluation" (Mildred Peters) are included. (AG)

The results of analyses of college-bound versus non-college-bound rural youth on tests and personal data available on the IBM cards in the Office of High School Testing at the University of Illinois are presented in this report on the second part of a 3-part study on the educational needs of rural youth. The data on IBM cards for 2,326 juniors and…

The "Cross-Cultural Attitude Inventory" was constructed to measure 1 of the objectives of the bilingual education project of Region XIII Education Service Center in Austin, Texas, serving children aged 6 to 10 years. The educational objective which needed to be measured was whether "the children are taught the history and cultural…

Criterion referenced testing has received considerable theoretical, but only limited practical, application. Grand Forks School District has developed mathematics criterion referenced tests for grades three to nine. The tests are keyed to a hierarchical set of approximately 50 performance objectives and 40 individualized contracts per grade level.…

Suggestions are made for evaluating reading and study skills in secondary school content subjects. Evaluation procedures include (1) standardized reading tests, (2) teacher-made informal reading tests, (3) inventories of reading and study skills, (4) interest inventories, and (5) teacher observations. Suggestions are made and samples are shown for…

A series of studies on observer biases revealed that simply informing observers of experimental hypotheses does not produce observational data consonant with those hypotheses. However, questionnaire responses following an experiment with different induced expectations does produce global data consonant with experimental hypotheses. In addition, if…

Test development efforts for constructing 12 items to measure achievement of each of 30 selected mathematics concepts are described. The topics covered are sets, division and expressing relationships. Item and total score statistics for data collected on 196 girls who had just completed the fifth grade during early summer of 1970 and 195 boys who…