M.H. Ashcraft found that people tend to know more properties of items they rate as typical of a category than of items they rate as atypical, suggesting that variations in typicality result from variations in familiarity. Three experiments were designed to challenge this suggestion. The first investigated whether familiarity is necessarily…

The paper, part of a research series on learning disabled (LD) adolescents, reports findings of a study on the variables which added significantly to group discrimination after ability and achievement had been controlled. Ss were 56 LD and 51 low achieving (LA) students in grades 7 through 12, their parents, and their regular classroom teachers.…

The study of the movement to desegregate the public schools of this country has led to the development of numerous indices of desegregation. These measures have been used for various purposes, including assessing the effectiveness of desegregation efforts, the changes in patterns of desegregation, and the relationship between desegregation status…

The book contains five papers presented at a 1979 topical conference on the definition of emotional disturbance and behavioral disorders in educational settings. The first paper, by F. Wood, is titled "Defining Disturbing, Disordered, and Disturbed Behavior." Topics covered include ambivalence about defining deviant behavior by special educators,…

While it is customary to consider "information" synonymous with true information, given its societal significance in the modern world, a wider perspective on the veracity and ephemerality of information is imperative. A typology of message veracity contains four types: informational, misinformational, disinformational, and…

Intended for librarians and teachers, this guide describes a library instruction program for teaching subject analysis to middle and high school students. The program is comprised of three units: subject analysis, classification scheme construction, and subject headings. Background material for the librarian, exercises for students, and answers to…

The bewildering number of available terminals which are offered to CAI users presents a rather formidable problem of which one to choose. This article surveys what appear to be evolving standards for terminals. The usefulness of these terminals for CAI purposes is discussed, together with the best known prototype exhibiting the particular feature.…

This paper discusses ten evaluation strategies selected on the basis of their general acceptance and their relatively unique approach to the field: (1) State, "Countenance of Evaluation"; (2) Stufflebeam, "Decision Centered Evaluation (CIPP)"; (3) Provus, "Discrepancy Evaluation"; (4) Scriven, "Goal Free…

The file organization for the computerized Flora North America (FNA) data bank is described. A four level character hierarchy allows subdivision of any flora description into as many as four levels in order to specify plant character precisely. Terms at any one level will not necessarily be parallel in status. Both PLANTS and LEAVES serve as…

A description of the development process, a review of the literature with an annotated bibliography, and the organization manual are included in this report. The manual, which was designed for use as a self-instruction and ready reference guide for library staff, provides a discussion of the rationale for a vertical file, guidelines for work…

The second of three library skills modules for college students, this unit explains the card catalog, call numbers, filing rules, types of catalog cards and the information they relate, and Dewey and Library of Congress classification systems. The library location charts and how they are to be used are also discussed. Included with the unit are…

This paper explores systems of classification to develop a conceptual model adequate as an organized knowledge base for organizational communication research findings. The paper notes that present classification systems employed in organizational communication textbooks and in reviews of organizational literature are not adequate to the task of…

Informal social networks are patterns of relationship and interaction among persons or collectives. This paper (1) outlines a typology of informal networks, conceived from the point of view of their importance to qoals of social policy; (2) describes strategies of intervention which may be directed to the creation or enhancement of one or another…

The Broad System of Ordering (BSO), a subject-indication coding and ordering scheme developed to meet the requirements of the UNISIST program for an international switching mechanism between information systems using diverse indexing/retrieval languages is described. The scope and purpose of the BSO, its development and testing, a schematic…

Two approaches to criterion-referenced measurement are described and contrasted--domain-referenced testing and mastery testing. This paper is organized according to ten issues or stages in test construction: (1) content domain specification; (2) item construction; (3) item domain specification; (4) item analysis; (5) item selection; (6) parallel…