Developed by the Washington Office of the Superintendent of Public Instruction and written by classroom teachers, this document provides guidelines for a kindergarten through grade 12 English/language arts curriculum. Following a discussion on the philosophy and implementation of an English/language arts curriculum, the guide presents sections on…

This manual lists skills in the area of writing (including composition, mechanics, and structure/usage) considered essential for pupils to progress to the next higher level of achievement. The skills, described in terms of behavioral objectives, are listed according to grade, and grades kindergarten through 12 are covered. Students at the lower…

This report is a synthesis of interviews conducted during the youth employment survey to determine the most appropriate role for Boys Clubs in responding to the employment needs of youths. Quotes and anecdotes are provided from the interviews with 360 young people, Boys Club staff, board members, business people, educators, community leaders,…

In this discussion on the development of expertise in teaching, a theory of skill learning is first presented. The characteristics of five stages of skill development in teachers are described: (1) novice; (2) advanced beginner; (3) competent teacher; (4) proficient teacher; and (5) expert teacher. A review of data collected by studies on the…

In recent characterizations of reading and writing, the distinctions melt into each other so that one definition serves for both: both are the creation of meaning. In the act of creating meaning, readers become writers and writers become readers. While reading is primarily receptive and writing is primarily productive, fluency in reading is very…

This journal issue addresses the issue of testing in the social studies classroom. The first article, "The Role of Testing" (Bragaw), focuses on the need for tests to reflect the objectives of the study completed. The varying functions of pop quizzes, weekly tests, and unit tests are explored. "Testing Thinking Processes" (Killoran, Zimmer, and…

The supplement describes instructional alternatives for a curriculum module addressing stress reduction for rural teachers of special education. Designed to help teach the personal survival and development skills that special education teachers need to live and work in rural communities, the module helps teachers understand stress and its…

Ways in which college-level subject teachers might use writing as a form of learning and as a means of demonstrating learning are presented in this guide. Several assumptions about writing are made throughout this compendium: (1) writing about a subject means thinking about a subject; (2) students can only learn to write by writing; (3) more and…

This guide presents a counseling program model whose purpose is to increase the educational and career awareness of black, urban, female, high school students who will not attend college. The program consists of ten three-hour sessions that have four separate but interdependent components. The compontents are: (1) individual assessments, to help…

The conclusions and recommendations of the Panel on the General Professional Education of the Physician (GPEP) and College Preparation for Medicine are presented. The recommendations cover the following issues: developing student skills, values, and attitudes; describing preparation for residency; adapting to changes in health and health care;…

The development and operation of the Federally funded Ventures in Community Improvement Demonstration Project (VICI) and its impact on participant youths and communities are summarized in this report. VICI's purposes were (1) to provide young, minority, inner-city, high school dropouts with intensive skills training in the workplace that could…

This paper addresses the use of language for learning for students with mental disabilities. It focuses on language comprehension, retrieval and recall of previously presented information, and general effectiveness in integrating language skills for the purpose of successful functioning in a classroom or other social context. The paper begins with…

Creative dramatics can be used effectively by the elementary teacher to help motivate students to become involved in various language arts activities. Dramatic play, pantomime, story dramatization, imagination exercises, creative movement, improvisation, and other structured activities encourage students to relate new experiences to old. As they…

Ninety-one hearing-impaired students entering Gallaudet University received systematic cognitive instruction focusing on specific generalizable skills, in the contexts of their regular college classes. The students were given practice in skills of organization, comparisons, analysis, classification, following instructions, temporal relationships,…

A study explored the development of self-efficacy and outcome expectancy beliefs for reading and writing--examining specifically (1) the structure of the relationships both within reading and within writing, and the influences of writing beliefs on reading and reading beliefs on writing; and (2) the development of writing beliefs. Subjects were…